Enhancing Academic Success For English Language Learners Key Teaching

Bonisiwe Shabane
-
enhancing academic success for english language learners key teaching

As classrooms across the United States continue to change, it is critical that educators are able to successfully address the unique language and learning needs of English learners (ELs) and provide efficient and high-quality... This brief describes some best practices that educators can use in their classrooms to help ELs acquire the language and literacy skills needed to succeed academically. Direct and Explicit Instruction Focusing on Key Aspects of Literacy All students should receive comprehensive, evidence-based language and literacy instruction as part of their core curriculum. This is especially critical for ELs. Effective core instruction for ELs should target the key components of literacy, including phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, oral reading fluency, comprehension, and writing.

Core classroom teaching should be explicit, systematic, and differentiated for students’ language and learning needs. It is important to provide extensive and varied vocabulary instruction to ELs. Research suggests that you carefully choose a set of academic vocabulary words to teach intensively across several days using a variety of instructional activities (Baker et al., 2014). An academic vocabulary word is one that is used when talking or writing in academic settings but not usually when talking or writing in social settings. There are four ways that you can carry out this recommendation in your classroom: Choose a brief, engaging piece of informational text that includes academic vocabulary as a platform for intensive academic vocabulary instruction.

Find a short, interesting piece of text with the words that you want to focus on. Select a text that is motivating to students and carries content-rich material that will allow you to provide deep instruction and vocabulary. This articles outlines three key strategies for expanding ELLs' mastery of academic language, along with examples and step-by-step explanations. "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world." Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosopher 1889-1951 For videos and more related resources, see our updated academic language section!

In college I enrolled at a university in Spain — all courses were taught in Spanish. My comprehension of my courses went something like this… (translated into English and the accompanying gibberish I heard.) In today’s interconnected world, the demand for English language proficiency continues to grow, especially within academic contexts. As students pursue higher education across borders, the need for specialized language skills tailored to academic settings becomes increasingly evident. This is where English for Academic Purposes (EAP) comes into play. EAP is a branch of English language teaching that focuses specifically on preparing non-native English speakers for the linguistic demands of academic study.

Unlike general English teaching, which aims to develop overall language skills for everyday communication, EAP hones in on the precise skills required for success in an academic environment, including advanced reading, writing, listening, and... EAP programs are particularly significant in today’s globalized education landscape, where English has emerged as the lingua franca of academia. A student from China studying at a university in the United States or a researcher from Brazil presenting findings at a European conference both rely on the specialized skills developed through EAP instruction. The ability to read dense academic texts, write research papers, engage in scholarly discussions, and understand lectures are all fundamental to navigating the academic world, and EAP equips learners with these skills. Despite the increasing importance of EAP, teaching it presents unique challenges. For one, EAP instructors must address a broad range of language proficiency levels, from students who are almost fluent in English to those who may struggle with basic vocabulary and syntax.

Additionally, EAP learners often encounter cultural adjustments, as academic norms and expectations can vary significantly across countries and institutions. Beyond language, EAP also involves teaching students to think critically, construct arguments, and engage with scholarly literature—skills that are often unfamiliar or underdeveloped among new EAP learners. This article explores key strategies for effective EAP instruction, covering various aspects crucial to preparing students for the rigors of academic life. It begins with an examination of the foundations of EAP, highlighting the role it plays in higher education and identifying the core challenges faced by instructors and learners alike. Following this, we delve into specific instructional strategies, including needs analysis and curriculum design, which are essential for aligning EAP programs with the academic objectives of learners. Subsequent sections discuss methods for developing academic language skills, encompassing the specialized vocabulary, grammar, and reading and writing techniques necessary for academic success.

The article also considers the importance of oral communication, offering strategies for improving students’ academic speaking and listening abilities, which are crucial for active participation in seminars, presentations, and lectures. Furthermore, the integration of critical thinking and argumentation skills is addressed, as these competencies are indispensable for producing and understanding academic discourse. ���u+��*S�A UXmOx4U}����̦Y0�Z�iG�g���RѾ~D�V| =��Fd�L�L-^�n�PWӠŨ�yb�"N��m� [��b ���n�gDQ=��M� �DЎ�J�l:�Y� cM � ��t�'��� '�t�C�c�mQ=��M�ADr�B��t�k�V��:�">����MHZ�ùE����n]�r�Z�DT�aE{�3��&Ƶp�b��ځ9��m��|�U�?E�&e����@� ��2gxIt-�r>�z+ڝ�M��7��$t� ʷQ�տe��ϸ&n�N�o��`��Z�L�ֆ��sX���L��:y�x7r���-d����=�g��T�MX<ލ���d⏦v�P�ɣ��)���cc0��k������Rb'�:�܄�Ǎ�)( 8�ęKF �w�DT�aE{�3J�泥 5�[_^�\���_v�@}]o f5�*�r�@ɞS�}�z������+��j�י�s�N��q��}&����_O~|�%�Ŧ=��7 �����s� ��W�7=s���vn/�Mr�B��Ȓ�z ��{�s}�i�w��"�X(��"D�G|O#��X�9�� xd��M�ԃe/����d�_,;�ieB��2��b���+Ղ�X��q`�^�P #�[�g��э��� ��§�rd�1(�7�lIc.����?�� Ƒb�FnK�sz-��c��x���?8�������n�j@�HZ~Ā(R�& �`$�Cg�Nہ?�C X��h�@iG��h�*�N� �"��:��2�i�@��F�i�S�Np*"�$f�{��ܷ5�N�lڥ{��Bv��{/�{��|�x�-@�����C�a�I.KRk�������<՗R���P\'�\��ˈ�%�>�,�8��}�a��2�- .U�J%𸮦���J��+g.����\���l�k�:>�{��XS4�E���k�)���2:u��G��pn�U{��w����p-��b��x�A��U� �&z24|�QQХt<�)���jJ��Cx U�ğ���N���@���V>pEx=���v�$���x�tS�:����.����&}�s< ޕ{�yuo���ě�;��Ԇ83�B�1rPTv�s-f�FN�y���#�*Dx�;��+��Epi�����c�`���]�w,���{����%U'�?���;�H��"Q��6��l��� D�%��� ��2�h?����t �џ�&�֨ D��̃���m�{�~�Q_���N... �h>����b�ý�Iߙ�ht�d֯ �~}����)�?L�2Si�;3 ��:�=�j�l�x�dg������k���3ٮ+�� ��_($����r-�5~/E�޺A��Z�z#�n(jQ���wP�j�� �b���!� !�aGߍ�ؤ�ٞu��c���QJ,������>��E@� `�����d�W�ċ��ޣjx����� �݁xhG��:� �I��Q�&��c�n,�)�xYf�P�L"�=�Q(0���z �{p��~��X����EH���@D�:��d�t)t�9�4f����(ƀ[~�fi �OX �K�RĚ�`�O6�"�w���D�Ϫ�%�a� }D� ��!�[�T����Ԇ��b@W��Y��R��P��)a�,�B9�c�o�`���|��e&(x��Rp#������8��uDI�����\��2M�޳�<��n���CUH:��k��pZR�� ��Y�o��q�,زS��j-�Rpü�kg�|ac4�T�4]e� �E��~�I�8�[�\��i��'3k�d:uL���Nց�Ɂ�Q��H���Pp2���H�{�IV�6�n�gX�~�x?ؐ_�HkY!�1�{� I**�Ł2�a '�j��5,��O�M�L�W�@|b(�b�/m<~J�f�����O tT��K���_7��Q�?�D���{��, pgwf�v�Ӗ�QZ��¹S��T5�7��d�4�V�; d� �+$`m�kW���V�5�s�|� �-�YХ�4g�d?C(7ǴTz������e��z��q��(�r��K�e����d���E�0�t�0��N�]w� ÆGK&j�Ц��3o�NWux��5��������"d�����%�ɖx�J�0���Ύ���߱#Q� *���Z=](Iб�a{�G9_��L ��s�r�w������F:�Y2���� �@�A�9�W.;Ӫ����d) `��y{�y��� Ѽ���"K!A����)�v�Z��L&p��/� �k(jfp\q2L�Q�#��K�g�H�* )ןo��{H�t�.�y��˒Ǎ;�̗ s�Š��������P�ޡ bPFP[�Xw����.Ffd�f_E� ��0��+�... ���k�~�f�C�(O�-$�ՓY�'�;�C��M)r,����.����dx�x�) ���M�X��a{�[@)n����K��5?e�{��)N�G�� x)��X���� -�歗C|V��UO���r�{��\�\� ].7[�^Z��4S�;��rN��r��E�P����@Tʰ�:s���ø����Y�3�F$"�Y1�:�#�� �YQdX2,��Wi�^�}ej����ѷ�'���ɪB�S#@bj�Pp��u;���'�ے C��`� Xh�� Ӌ}�����$+"ϣ���7� ���hڴ��Z�� E��g+Y���pI�I�x>�{���Zg��k(�t���J��;�'��O��i�j�k���z�J�j&@�m5��K���* �) K���s��#���`�0&�8�[gc�+�2��t,{-+1����dKq�bvє���ֵ���~�1���7���r�.�,�oy��=��ju�Dk[C����9��Lz�.�-��a�q���tAd��x�8�hH��SLz�1U?99z��lR�:��̍�" �C�-���vE�,��JRxKqC4睹9_������q�����{᏷Ll�'[~�OH��vq��/G?q~K�8�9��>� �>��[���P�V4:W�1+�1j8MV�a9��ʬ��:��ɺ}|k'����H3[ӑa��&m:�9����{���~�E%��͍����?����u��.�i i,�oqd�E��Y��xml*w���}��^`q���}��Oִ�j�jʏ~��k(2����Y�[�����֗Z�z>���Ϭ C߭m�m��{�k-G�^ӽ�/fPG�����u*�O����O����)��9I���S�eq�[��s~*�1a� ��Xy_ bJ@��4���o ��� 4���B7�?�ׇR�aM�/"�67a��������蠘��^��M�b'1�P:���s8G�j���+���Cԛr O���Q��!|H���}���Q��K�cټ�b8���W�Ut?���P�F�|��XC��i����Ɛ�@5���9v��R���_*<�YOp�j����hO�@�Y7*P����a�<����0��=Yb�B�"+]W�#�D�@�@̠c�. ��Ǝ��+`EgA�X�c�(�c�#b �{�]3� �_�;���y��˽� �9Sۨ�V���s���2;�;�*d�]��}]�s��^h;�Q������fZc�<�Z�e��I#��eՍ߸� βJ��K�v�e�ZF��66.m�,G{ǔ��ק� ����&��-��**�ٽ�(K$*+"%���iՑ�S&������Ѵ�i��p )8�tDtdm�����l�*7P�R�̣6�j�J;ݸU*\a������j����G;�h��2�\ˊ A �[�����c�ц ߶�f[��΀��R��w�+��I}��VZ����b A3%��n̨���EjQ�6�)%[痸�v}��|%���S|�Z���#F�F/'�6h�ڔƒ�� l{�i���T ��h���{�_�O��������n���;��{��~Ì��+�aXXo�/���/���3�)�~?����}�|����N�m�� mA�";���ޜ�W��~�_�M�kد�Mp#|�����|����9�,|��u6\�Z� %7�|�8[kk�V�z��g�=�����~Ҽ��)�->i��Œ�j�5'�z����x�(� ��V�İ�^[a�m�B^�!_��t��D���ZZ�#�2�(|�<�>�C��?@�KQ���[����������x����=�����¾����n'���� o!�Exo�7Q�B�7j&;��8 �^�cL�%�5�j��ܩ�]�r%�Oϝz-L��l�zڷg>1�3n�h�\��6y��k䩳9*5�lj���h�K�'��_�>�ep�� >֬T�rf��Rx �A���R�F�JY� ��+ΦZ�џ�'�O�����nq�b]���8u󊳋Is!� +�$8��qp,c�Y�c����a� ρ����,8���]��a��C��Ǫ�@�?�tVt v��h�i�}ᩰ���"�v�s�> ���a/i�zb {���$F���G�n�Ue�������.؝a'�;Z[��f��#�#�#g�J;��a�Xj���)�0b a�4��;�itV= �ZZ�z3��/1?��g5z�)���沺rP�as� 6�Y��i'�M�uu�?��G��!�V���?A�� �N�/ԳX�J=�dZ �_�D�e����j��]�� endstream endobj 31...

�����C�U'eMrN$��$�B�xۀ�����*nfe�#��U��j��#�ۮ���N�[��R]��ݨk��� ��qφ���b�Mܸ8u�=�G4�+�tM;vOG�����T�wn �Lw��cb2Pk�. � ��RITM:�nj�T�(c(�&.���N-��+Ȣ�c[�� ���� ��i�"2�\�O��z Umأ��־�����tfeg8�v���ǣ+�����B8$K��TfG>� �,؀��:8ۜN��G�9L�|�aC�`S"�~ endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 432.0 648.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 36 0 obj <>stream H��Wmo�6�+�(�LR�@�"q��ۊf��~H�A��X�$z�����#)'n#�}A�H�N�w��Kf�,(���캦�$�˔�.ھ\fyO��f���l'7=9?�|='������L}���q$]f�R��.�>����a�$��\����� _h$c0��QB�z?���Z� �$�p_��qr��p�x�>0�ui 7[��O3D��� �̭�so�S�N�b�8>�dœ~�NBGn�V���&o'�:��\�>+�Nf=^�rSx��U%j;��š��;��FC������M��D��D;�����:0�1�MG복�Hɔ����a9k�u�@�$E�\ =Iӓ�+�X�;�5��M��Ɖ�l:�Y;���J��4�����WЍ�'��_��#"IJ�%�H%�;p%��Ϥ�&�\�ʮ/� ª|Z���@�(?p��z��c� x������� ��@�/� sn�E�-!�E�ܑ�Y��H�;�/��,rR� ���N:I�c�8�g��A"o��� �u|Is>l$���^Hi�/�ԇ�W�'j�z�?0ch�7�C=�l ���50����w���y��|�7�����f>?���Y|f�f��p�����&��C=��/... :�#���(G��� 5�wc?��9����G盼y�����}S �fV�1庩���j_ښ8g�a_-�h2��1�)4Cc \�F��>I ��"� Q�9��tQ'�����BI��=6`�ձ�cS�w@gj[6h�o%����1K;F/�B�X8b���]���>�$/�=)TOR�htY �"�4� I�OnM�tj�ф���G�>�+Q��*k˥�&c���Oh�5�j+-����>�$�=\��^��%��*��ˬ1���������=��� ���f�iw^�݃AH+kVes���(�N�����&�]�ț����(�A��׉�f�R�ݑ�l� �I�1Ơ��� C_ ��f��mO��F�':�-���<�29��8�Q�U����^ߝ=�6%�B-�.��=�J�V�GҔ� �[P�ma�n�*���� �dw�.����]ԠRu�7j�z��|����ã���f�C"��]�����r,�:�|>$�0i���G���� �#���\�ujBo�V�7N�dݎVg{G�%e})����êe��z �` -����|�zu~6� ���U���.���̦�D��*����.�}]ee��̽n�5�%� ��TͼX�+{����\6������r [ ��Zѷ�����;MnZR�v�^Y=<��ބ�Z������+�3&�. Z\�2$Ut�3M��p������@�ų��1�v��[�#�x˺�5+��%�����p� #�F�?�V{���> �azӐziZ ���KC�� ��&k����,���L�t��kP���(U�W�|k����Z�(�$ˬ�7�}���֫�Ϋ�Zn��g�[G%6��B*�ݫ#�ސ��H�c�u�6��R��� b:oJd ��X�:�z�^<��&k�l�8tC8&�$Z�9�c���㫔�/��ӹ� endstream endobj 37 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 432.0 648.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 38 0 obj <>stream H��W�n��}����O@MR_V����7h�6W@�Ŋ\I{Mr�2�����%)J��5 X$E�=3s�̯p�ݧ�n>�!�i�ޯ��]e�F$����G��Atm��o��}�/�'�q�?^E��'� Dͷ!L�`��C|,f!~��-����7�r���,JKD��["��m�S�-��|6����$�*����ѭW۝��V��O%X wJdz�X��-E�����m�T��G�WXY�'T������Uh��6�0���&A���8 bX��]�-n~��Ł>���RW���'�HA>[�t��T��u%2��D���VB�'LkFW�!�)���QwT�'f�l��MC�".0' m�3��I�� ��u �I�1!x�k��(�9���#j��������a���a�x�+?�;_��F��N�ˠm�I�II��L�^�¯�4���)���ý��Ev�*��Y ���a*�$�����'���;1���-���_˝�6|��>8��y��O��j' s�;����ix��n��e�@>G60�8��U��;�L�;�q˒p5B"�EҀiXo�7��6����� N��P�_�E�$T��Q�i5�=�b��²y��P�S�k�F������&�0 ,�2����{<��P�E���J�*|����C%r���Mw���a�$�TQK�!��,k�... /dD(�~$ÿp�ol 1�$3�|�.�,��x&����pJ�4���� ������`�D��񛉓=2��nN�u*3�v?O�w�����3D���-?��6O�t��(�X��5���1#�`��h���7�{�+�i) ���E�b* : $]��ɉװ�;�? �,Q���ڦΆ��mW�9��VD�%�H��B�LuF�S��R?M]���1�\��R>����L#����%����Qf�xf��9�}<.G�_ѿ�+aw{��x�h9�?���\�l���4��=��H$�lχ>J�!%�;��i��T�^�R��y'A�x�og^g�����mg�z2b}4�#�Šk<�V�:�udx�Y�pr=|N�j���A^E��Gtƹ�9�˽�s��{��|(�k{Zn�q�Q�|�V�l<�\�8Ha5�z�����[��ȩ���Z�Z�K�K�_n�i�ҕK�2Ú�@��^\a T������� Os��?"@k} endstream endobj 39 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 432.0 648.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 40 0 obj <>stream H��Wmo�6���( 3MR�^� @�8E� ��� cӶ���'��;�������CH2�{�!y�}F�77�k4�� �,��h2G㋪IWrѠ���;4��O�A���)B��Qt���q�ӿ�/���(A<Ƅq�b c9�����o2����a�ZSṣ-�C�_�3GA p"�g�%y��lYi�r �p��{D��"JL ���h[��x�VES�f��O�L=�����+4�)����x��1?&��G�)�2�.�Xv�r!�*O���������Z�h�6��9��J�"`-"͚����8l���� � @��[�uZ����tuK�h��ê�q�-U�?V��@5��>z�weӔ9�W�}�(l_j�{7_��f��t�@���<4G������ i�T�U�Tf��q�7%�H3h���.��&U��6(�Q�o��(q�fP� :�T�d> ��t�P��f�Md�����˥��[����� �}�6�*n}�$�\l����ݠ:&�aI��0�]��E�...

D��9{Q���;�NS������8̺��q�e`��G�]�����a��AMFd������\���W�цKk�?s;m�b&��|�Р �����]�0�)��l�ze��� mw���m�$���g����.�'�:�V�ZV�,�d�If�?�_�����Q[/o�G���6�n�u��K.�m� {��Mٯ��0���E��3�0c��\G@P�����˿�f;�m���Z�!"�B�,p�Ɩ��6Y�V�� =~��\u!�KGJf✮F�-Zj�-��RaR����%����_I�כ��~�-�!!VZgr���V�u6'�j�C�֚���KmS�;&p�7�w�1k=��O��[�6}D>kU�#��=ہY�<�?��_chz��?�*� endstream endobj 43 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 432.0 648.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 44 0 obj <>stream H��W]s�H��C?�T<ь��T��u���K �P[yl�Ȓ�$o6�x�{F�e�Rb���ul�==g�O����}�aV���� �9��#8�*�d*� ..���_�k����������8<�b�����d4^�j�2[� Bx6��K���p� �܍�;�0�jS/��������}����9����Rf���u>ua�B�8&_�٪P�1h��z���/l� .߽+| ض��m�.��#��_�E�}cC�nT���{cK�K^�5����`g >���m|��ᛗ���~��� .�/�>�]O �����0^��-(�&#M��o2��%��#�u���L�� �����n�iH9jC�Kn8;��F/�B������u"*��u���3 �uU2����*4����&�!�vD'`u���X 9���ra)... X�eB��}�1��>�m�[Ӽ����檀��[Wϳ@f��_&�$�E7?�`��� c6l��N�逇�T�@6h��1����El!͙/H�/w����Ƽ� @�}��/<<[���Zj�[�{S�2ji�ֆ�=�l\ݾz��3;pLN/�7V�K�i��������~�j�tYy1W���>~��w7��Qx�JIY%q�Y�飇�O���kj��^.�R?ߚ^;�zم�{�?�D�[x��J�u���|F��� �p��eϘun���ev���,�l��ˮ��֪MB�V�LSxI�y��y�b�8��?��f �R.�؈fy��S�s�Y��Y˵m�o׍��� �����|��;,��A�����&��tUb'o7�O�����᳈���#!�#�8�$қ5�=#�������M_�P�;�d_�wݟ"� /d�Cq���/IQ�d��z0O���[�idb�u9wUN_a��K���>����C ��-� ��cpP�[����[ӏ�&�N����4{�a���DŽ�V���n��5���iW�y���^t�RsCo�c��ym�{Pq����Z;�W��XWl�!����Zݐ��H2|�������V���֩�E���H��9Eo �h����o@ؗꭉ�Z�����}�t"�lk���7�OJ89oC��`�1�/�c�f��v��(��E�G�}��?��Ÿ�q�C��ˁ�y��� ãZ��b�D.q��r�r9Ob=g2K�9�-U�g��R�´��Y �b�mK�8sBY�ah�f�T�+��U�c.��a"�\V�� �o� a�����B��d!�@c3�� ϸ�;�):Iɴ��P.U�<�Nk�n0�Q��;�]7T��Ƽ��V*ˉZ`�R��Vr����s IF��9�s>Ȕ��a���m�D��_�*����@��}Hǖ���ȧ$� @��7[��ѣk�?� ���hڦ�����[���=��(�V�y�!����jW`����D�R�xu)��I��zZ%�<uA=�l�IN�Ex�?3�bx�r �K�&��B��Kg�iM�8�'�U KY,N�R2ɶYfr�#|�F��h��D7��Z��pK�-9�럩�X0َ�)�W� b�P6��A���D��NI}�a��7��2���i��u���b�h�L��>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 432.0 648.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 46 0 obj <>stream H��W�o���?e �B����(�p�?�\�8����ŊZK<�\E$�����ovI��l�����"�ٙy3o�|fG/�]�,����e犽g�3vt�)���矏޲���^U%����3�\���-����3�O�3�a�~�2�;��y�3]<̘����w6���)��^�G�v?�7�c� b�>�\{뼶΍u|�p�M�,O�`<���zc��$.+���גY���OҮ�;cm���I���ў���I�y�ş6;�����ޛ�^����֗3��Aj�7y�L\� 6�cɄ��z... �PTM�Bn ��k�)O���F��;�J��;��)��*��j�vtY�\��S���� �%��Ѭ_��s���Ԇ�Rhs$b��JWO�"(W�3�\m{�.���E�� 0�%�)G ��l������y��[ŞST)�BRs��� 5M�p]�^脮oF[����T_���4��ٖ'�yX����F@�����6o&)z> ��'A���#O�y�jΒ�Mb�L�b尗� '^1&����/No�}�6�O�OV�ĩZ�E"(� ��M����E���I��'2�����}�3�Zə�TUPż%޻��k�Rve: ��iP� 5��[���}E ��&���d��hR�/+�I׀a44��"^)���;���l(R4`�� ����ҟ�|)��7]Y��4��}��=Ywf�h��g3��X��o�(�������lW�;z�iQ8]�a;�퀽�6��a|Aw�wGm���.t�baXR��|�� `g�f�CBà'��*JF��X̫�J��8���s�O��h�r��0�#:� �»���Tᘣ�O"[� �'�jA����2�LKQ���HC���*I���€Tͷ��� ���d����N鬣�� ir#��UR �nD��SIn�S74����AJd�cdGs��_@ݫ1 ��TԠ�3�|�/� w������ͩ��z�Iu��v:�i}����{�h>�"�eA��F�j85'��h8�;p[��:��מm[�L��G��A�����r�ujY�1V��Q��]�z�n�n.�z�V���3�����Z��v�=y�^I�۩a�U�fsY�W�*'��V����O² �����>��L��T�T�Z���R.1p��QrQV R�*�`I!1, ��~��ry���4��}��%�I��C��%�k'�4��a 0Į;q'������ 缻��g�TL��iy�QVz\�Hnެ�Ю��v��"��U�kZ�w�E��b ��&o>a5�Eܹ=roD���_����iT�%2��)���R��^�z��Gx�-��+E���B��u���(C,��Xj�\L����W��Te�7���]�>�fyQ��O>�ƽp<�^�;/��Jf�����c��Q�[r�,���N�@G���r��p�{�@���{���4�m�4A��M���k8�kȺ�т�>{^���)v�9���DYfYR�R6�%��֪=�M�1Ao=MG�,�<�����+� �uB\ԩ���͕�e����e�t������D�xݘ ��u�gF�k�/AUf�����2�L|��i�kP�)x���+ ��dz*��Լ�۴ʗ��X�ns���d���[^�g�B�۩Zk��.��7 ���j7j�p��`�rwHFC�ꯔ"^� [oD�%PQ���,L��5��bƴ|�q�I8��=$���h���=[%yKk-;ގ Z�K\2)�܀��r�=�)���Mh�T-�a@ ���D��H�3�W�>�?�... f���������^�|�$b��j|W�`�{,Fu�Rz��^��b�C����rX�۞�r��ޙ�/�`|:+0G<��9��J��J�(mIt��:ܜ�L����FgSM���Ri�[�& cO�:�8�YU���6�E�{Ι^!?��T�W�Ys����{� b�N��9�u1C(y?�i|��,���l�z�M�M��U��0S��r��{��7��=��:Pp��W�% ��8�0���VF��������/�\V ��)U�\=D �g�(��ێ��;=����g��{���� A��9��Ip�'��Ff�ly�d���fP���D@�B��oͦ8�um+ �ǒq(���"*�`'� 52 ���C�3�J�g�{� TQJ�!��!{8D�f��)���Y�`HC�Y endstream endobj 47 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 432.0 648.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 48 0 obj <>stream H��W�n���� d!R$E�al��eǩ�l�n���bD�ĩ)�G��{�R�m�f�, "%���s��^.�.����a�������4/劇%���/lx�UU��>;�3�П��a��s��w�V̭�u�?��g�Ԟ|�a��w�e�p�p������\}�c;Sv�e3:h֜L{��9�o����y�b��mve�G��"�v �7��՗{�ߴ�|g�{�s��i�����<����Z�BD,7]���lD�R��`����خ?��}f����"p�r&Ӣ�MkjT!�x1�Hld_��t���K��o�yu�'�8�Bm�ML�7rs��/�]�pj%#��T C)c�.�=QR:L�����7�Ӻ���u"����t]�JsJ3y���@�MFM���e.�"b+l��tD��Mlo��B\�Yq2n�[���V�;6>��;��,�����Ȭ��R���n�+1�Xf��Mˢ��3 v �OW������*��76[v[w���t�9��+�S���`����[ .I�<�X��C�#��&]�{g4ɋ�Z�I�2�4�Ss����S���㏞�k����&*�A*�V�1˄�-^�(��... ���h����)C 1�)�LO'�#�+�"s$>��+�:�p7���N%}�Y��̮��̕�GO��If�LYeNgăC�Q�)�⽕�C��+��q�������C�3�7�jI=������\��*��J�憨��b��+(�8h�!z"u��(͒���F�}N��������F.���h���������3�y���EI����sw?5��5(Rs�ű�R]��M�g�}�����;�|���}��wNr��ĉ!!.�i������RA��i��A�� ` P h�#Ӥ����vj� $�Q��¤���)"15��g�k����>�����y~�ױ�����m����ܲ����f�k} _�k��)����q�6�T]��*൰'�©9��W��2�Nh����ҘoL��a��S�K�+�����\~@���U���r�ue���(3"��{�o{��OJ�`�!�N�~�<��:�y4����)��$s��Z���8�+�B��Hd��_E�\5�]�J,�,����p_�~JĦ )����^ku.+$e�x+d:9�C�j �����;�1��&�m��m{�X�gHOA_�x��#�f�2�%����d��[��TӍCO�yQO�ţ㟌 }�/�o]��?�<�12,���X��d����'�'~6��U�������� ���{���S� ݅~e� A$�&a� ��<�P������͔�|�����:�ǝ��'��׃��� �R���c:җ:[X����SM�oVXq�[�0�"�D Y� ZT �!� ��z[���]����g�*�?&�~'a�����S�jH5�(��1r0 #A�4m�2a# ��_#���l37�-vU�ɵgi ����Q3o��:�� xv��w����O� b��Kz���<ߌ6~u��w����b��D��=����=��ۦi�Q��R沾r���^٨���۟=d���G���>�DS wH�o0��¬�p�ȶd���ӡ��L�CܘkWpwz���'\��C��ij����BvMv��]�˅�dTt�N:^�Nh���8u�0�p���B�Z�BL@��:#�Z+�JqԚ�8D<��p��=v>�"~�v�& v�1�6n��@��-w��H׆�=T��>Bh֗H�D՟�-U�t� ��j�{8Ciu�.Ѳ��-������V���c�K���M�TkY�c��o��y�Q����c�w̖�l5~�F�� z��-���`]y����p� �_Lr��Q�db0�ؗؗ<��\���q�Х�q����d"N��$�h��� �6K�BA4���C�'�#� ,��Y�1�Kݮ�Ւ*�N���u�b ٹ�y�%n����b1O!��kbp?բ�S!�AՂ'��Z��^YŠR�/���ND6 =�o[~ZN���ޫ��y���j���\]��vG!}2�Z:W��t��mj98 F�Q}/xA{A?�O��ֿ����/:QL��c1)��W����&�c�����V��bl�n�Co�'J... �,m��4�-�g)��֦S6-ET�#��#�:!�tc��)�6�� ����gö?�>�7�/��<���}p�WYۅ��[�����@�픓��j͓�O|m� z�3�@crug���k_?0-8l{ ʏ��d�ٙ�����S��9u�� r�K�JJsKO_k�U��ԣw��׬X�.�xv��’X׽�x���Z�s�UB��~g\��gz0��O1�dC�c���� xp�:pɐ�sk�p��;�k�rE&s�.�c�|V�*3��Ap~�O��N�Σ���U���<0nx�qò����#E~�ΰ� R�;��u�|yBQ��r��\?*��ч���_�6D�|S-ǁ��nNē�@#�p�d8�0ES�����C��s�N�P� K(�9N��p��y�:���g9a>n�h������Iۤ4�x�<��o9q�q�B/�RX���֌ ��.������ܲ�ھ���QƦ�������uu��Ti���Z�5^9����-}������ ����і�X��e�o�~p���͠b1���ŭh�z<4O��n�;��$c�� ��� m�~U�n�n�M�O�O{��˞ �˱��oNy��h���F*�6"M�>?���~�9�.&�H���s ��p"��"�z���8�f�Y�D�L�.h�(5��y�~� ͊Va~��¡1�x��M*�J����(�_�0,��8�<;��l-�7�i�.a������X�p��'j)�K���_�޶��;�z�;��� H������ږ���o�D����s�{�:V�\��[���~����X�VB0���c��?�_�_��\����!R��V�xL ��8Ē~Σc�_�hQ������f�/�$= ���9 po�H�i�pCZ�ȳ`j�2f2u�נZQ�1uF%U)��:�E��>��›x���=�S�w )k�-ּ!�q�e���zP�!���h��'b �v%�Sr����;�"�vX�H �8�@�� J�1��{,:�>�^U�1Ǥk�0�wg ���ۧ|ә�S����[Ng��5dp�Ec�ߋXFy�?6�c}ňP5� 0�u�0��������(V�Z�����Ջny��(�yB�;�{ǚ��r���BS�Ǿ�>���=�[�c�}e��覙�ʌ�:>��>����w?yfh`d���]�XְX�~u����7��#1��֗�C �~��������K��� ��v=: *BT� ��9ݸ��w�\�ZT�ۇK�$��X���8>§y��g4f�EM� ��6����M�;�e ����~]OXm����:��R�w���T5�{�؃<99d��j�޺����?� �!h2��Mh4��-KWCH�T�j�C(DJ1�e!l-Zl�:BNb|�<�lE-�F-lH-�D��E�qXL�r:?�N2��r�A��ʛJԂv��E?�I��L̜��,�P�M��ح� �AaG����@?D1�6ª�贃�.Ԡ����*���2�B?� ��M\����r����H�C���yp��H֡�B(���U�"��9�?�<�u�������$��;��X;=...

����[  ;b�Hh�$Kp g�;+n�@o��h�o�=J�Q�<�O2[�vq-l��;{Y�K�/GBNG^r�> K,K4�9���G�,s y~��s��Y��������+D�Kߐ �!�B� �|uķn��>��U�H{��q��Y�v��.u�W�R_��,У� wo8mpQ�.)ͯ�s���e��9�����81 Ղ� � �5�q� �3�-Ѝ[(T�i��PM)�A/�<��T� �11zl��)�)&����������Ou�}���eۅd:���k��ճR���v���0]h��э��֡G�>����%�Ӱ��7ɓ�eB"���f�Y�t�%�yt ��@���Sc&�h�c��<�9�s��dQ0Hp!%D�*�d�(�x�q�R<�o��B|1�K�.���~o�<8�C��[���4р� c�Ŀ^��ib�w'4�t���;��0�:L�.� q%�ǃ���*��ه4�ӕ��ɺ�jZ� E�}mL�!T^EP���| ��ȧ0�S��)��F{ �>����|�B� �u�$(�") �� :p��s�����=�*ޟag��|l cAG�����S:��J%*�9�8�S~̧�����Cq���P5�[�b��c�/�#����ܚx�n#-���ץJ��'�q�hp� |ǵ`~�����׽ ��cp���g>r���!�D����}�͗���O� ?������/}j�����2n���ow�+Kڕ%Y��ݕ�O|!\�[�8��[\��À�rԄB��Ĝ�Ĺ�rrঁp�����B rH1J����\�&Me�yk��0mf��L�������ծ�}����ޫ ��w�z�"��ܷM^K $1�"��6U�+�c��W�r� �剻l��0�"vC)�*A�0&�Y0E\!h���B���M�l��f+e9�r@-�E#�MK���D�!89[fr^��&�ʱZ���¨T2� ��_s+2Y/[�Rl����K�J�H���2]$(�R~����'��'�y��us|��x��o��$],/Շw���$19M=N9�u�R���A�<�j ����~��@A��0VSf��L�NIo�4X�o����j��I�\ȵ�B�f3G9G�#�Z-�i�]5u��Q+�+9�� ����^0��R���8����h̨�hj�0�F... �w:"(**���;BMH�x�9���xofw��|��3o��| (��nP�o���5 j[�{��C���s��a��j�4��[�?��gǠN���}�߫�����_f@�u�48a �I� 3!��=h?H��p�!#�Qȁ�0n�M� �al�����u]`3�`l�-���� �`섅�&\�Ѱv�x .���m�=��������|��#�.�?��>���SX �� ����p�a�a:z�C�P��0��(�d�(P�qN�)8��b:��t����3q��983q���� q.�%���]؇Cq.��5��o0��p�����"��S���-~���2�5�=��?�Z� �0�b��*�3�������p=�C��3�U���܈�p3n��� �c<&`"&�܉�p7�����c ����,��}<���pN�<�G�h�)<�S9��y�I� �yO�I<���T���y��Y<�������\��y<�p/�E����R^��}=|=y�+�^ū�[��������k�'���u��7�F�ěy o�m��w�N_���W�+5`А����1j���]����>��� ��|���1>�'�$���|���9>��b�O��W8���5܏� ��x�U�����hCl��d+�0n#l����6��ڪ���s!.�Ur��qwt��iwƝu��yw��ǟ������� ���"���_��x�`m��nkؚ���m]ef��}�W���o؁v�l�ءv�n��;Ҏ����b��T�'l��v��(�]�v�$;�N�S�4;�ΰ3��#p�1;�ζs�\�i���v�Ͳ �"��.�K�2�ܮp�.�Uq�.�E�몺j.�Ż��\uW�7Ɨ"�}}�i!�JKy��[Z���Z��'�)i#OK[yF�ɳ�2�dIH)�#?���`�@)�B�U��XP�SU�H��h���26^Fq�Q<6�J�$�N5�&բڮ�k��#ꮹw]6P�K��>5��ԈSjJ�н�Q6Q��>���s���������4@6�@$[d�l���Cv�.�-{d���r@�!9,G���rBN�)9-g䬜��rA.�e�"�rU�I�\�rSn�m�#��'w%_ h0 1���J��hB�XJL��d*�0)UPT2�&B=��QV���A��o��He�M��Հ���l��j&��k��!�����i�Fh��(���ժZM�4>`4Q����КZKkk�`������@j#m�M��ޣ��}z�>`�Lu}P��_�!��>�������G����n�c�*����N����>�Oi}Z��3�N����ym�/� ((�/i}Y;�+�I_�����Y_�.��v�7�-}���n�]{hO��������ho�P?�dA#i��1�Bc)���mJ�q�A�iM�I4������uy�.e��n����L7��w Lc�O�(�����x��!^�7�K�R� oR���2��^���[��Vyk���:o����{��}�!�w�;�]�z9� �A7�ݦ;�Kyt��g�7�,��-r���bW�J)� �����J��=�<�Gٞ15L�if2������ieZ�6��io:x�����/�48�� ��=ݒf���q ���@F�! �p��+�],-�+�( ����Hp��l�A�N8�b. �� U��v��J��O��#��v������~_wOMPʯ��4�N�'zE��yj�zU-R�����M�R�Ro�52^��֪�j�zO�ImU��N�K�Q��Q��N�3Ꜻ����ꚺ��7�r�D���� t#�X��MusD?�|K�Z��q���t�L���c��<��~^F�:C����=P҃u����,=Lg�����t���G�e������#MiI�f�h=N��I�g���Vv�]�n`?m7��۱v���ގ�������e����A�P;�γG�c���D�gO�.�i\� _��|�+��/Ǹ&�l S���LmF��f�i��i�u̺f=����lh62��+\m<0�1�5�3�7Zǭ �u�:e���f}j}f���Z�� qSܲ���X�r�F�i?_�-��X�����9�f6��a�:ȯ��._�yr�̑�f�t-����Ŗ�n�� Qn̡��\+ʪo5����� �����>z��s/z�{�4^����\J�l+F�T]*YY;�]�n�c������+�O�_�_�qT�E�8!N�Sⴸ(.�JQ%.�+�Z\_�k@gO�1G�ᲅtd�l L�W�� �UYjP:V�S w��2���:�U��q`�D�T�8����d;'��@�,5[� H^\���E�i��G�\�Ej�oi�Wuhr�n� #s�O��q��~����VDc͸�(�P [�P$O�T3��� ND����"���._�w��䤤�N�$����3�x��@�@�'� ��ޅ�N�o�`���-�O��' ��7$3;>�W�-�-�y�Y9�� �3s��1R�ډ�;����=��"O�d'0�?����Nm����7�� z�����'��Z����`��[��_�� ʢ~I&��� 85��h���N��B��Dϰ��pVa8O��1����^�b7)��H!�65_��&�� E��RJH��:�-��q��o7��Lw��q�ɡ N���]iĮ�b�5]2�j9���7�"� ��zh`x,� ����n]�kmh��봒��:"$��A7��E~D��>5FkR����iHW�m��t�3h.�����Z�U?���Z��ޠ�t�}� �7r����߽D�(�݁9�z�[�6ץh1��{Jh�D���HZ��BK�ww�h:�#y�ی`{��*ZGS5���r�Q*�H�ō8N����:��=�����Zo�x#�������$���(�O��8�M8U���ꂹ��l�,�`cZ����Y�Y�u�c5��䗩��s��Ug�=w&5�����E�e?݂� ΕE�^��M�8}1�<��q38�>:��8�@�^p�*�_@�0��-DZ��^�L%?��n��Xat �<���-��(�]#J�1��.�q�]���o["������t���_�ɟ�9r���΂����˰�]�\Iq ��;��ݰ�Y\�U�$[��E�Y-vg��S,�2������� �At�n��!F&bd/�#{�� ��r��f�46��G���:�Į��$�`fB�����i?}Β��g��'���<�g�R^�����v>�'�����.F�K �.�\v����ȣF���0��yhO�k��n���]�s�D�� ��... i�N�*� T��(�cJTCшA�)J��Z��]+�&�o��=����pLb��Me[>(�T���<-_��jh�+vD��U%/0�?S�,��o��Wy��X��0���FׯF��"����J���Vyc�ңWj��X^��(�S#�E������0�t?➟���N�4�)�V��Δ��C��W�/��[��l�&�bj2��ôM����S~��o��h����T�i�I��8�!Go��`;z}��g��!�-�1��֓=�}��*��G.��<d&�x����\ɒ@No�]�kIh����σ���ـ�R��� ��k�������k� t�3��,8���9�*� o�O<7�7}8��f34� /�^μ�u���Lk+`��kz�.�(�S �pTӱ � uz�#�8}���`H͍�BX��n�\� ��U��V\�'f��S�;����)��Ȯ�; ��aa��":co���Y}�ng/�Y�*D�J����?�?�G�� GEE4�������T�U uGRXU].g 9��~J-ǘ;���V�^���Cc>8郾"���l�� -��L�y7.���隉����<���P�!�X+f�FK�39�*L����W?� �P�bX�����i�=v�����4~�)4?�s1���02����Z[��5-=��@��瑇lO;��� =����R;n�}X����� ;��JM��]u�Uj�im�+�!�<��}�.:����C��x��Lf>T���y�c<���^�W��̧�3�_4y����z���o�{����>G/�K�Ϙ�ML#�W3-X��$�$���`n����a��c5�"�����߮Vi��ܲ ��z�ne�@�Ҧa��d�p-�!.2ag`"�+|J�L,"�jɝ�J���0ձ�XA��l��Hs�t�����F�o�b ?�&��V���� �J�`+��qN-�OWs*���x6���L����{��t�8�%����4�'��\=�\���o�c��Ǭ-��X��*M�-�h����{��7&�YcT��p}u*y�/qy{���[�1���4�%��A �k���A���� ��jS�%�2�7�Ctͣ��i��pM��)�&"���P(2Cf$2ل�jRG���H��CnI���  UlER� ��(wlߜࣧL40v���6� �|W l�����9;~��vb�l���9��88 ��R���x �"֌n+IL�V5<� �{P�J�  � �... �%��i{��MjG,��L5&ybs�L żjؙ��f�~��" ��-�>�W�-�����c����ب�;n�l?�|���w�������]rqȈ�����\�H$�� ?��X Z�m��k[˴��u@�u��4�j�֡���Jhlab���F���${��6�,�=?������ᥐ�94 9M0����:���f�(*��Jy��3F���&��/s+W�˕K �1'/\���)���T����������������L��i&��m:��Ś�ё���nl�% ?rD����v.ij�����c�6�@~p���}�����v��u���V���y�3�7��m�%{��t�:@P��+m� �%��)�� �ȴ�h2ldx̞Y�q�$��+�d�pc�61�^W!~��r���$�{<�{��{<�gb��W1?��Vר�UZ�@ل<�7W�,({�'��������0 �}��TD�B�� !TB��n�hq�[��h�w�gufZ�u �~�F�J�l�A��x�u�,�J('H�W��A��0� l�O��K�A.�t�����e���{V��MO�K� sS����� �bG]�q��k���S%�ma;��mfM�1�h-�.�^�@��XT�v��Y�X�ʱ�A$Q���4%ad�4�4���čl"G:E�v_�2ڧg��u/�y<��8��y�s�"��A��P�s�#�=���a<:� R������Ð���3p �Pӽ�Խ�Խ��3��W"7K��i���$_�����=o��D��K��>Ϡz�מt�=��98��C����:cd � ��Y��pu.P�@ ~#l6�`�TAΛ�|0F�����a=��!�y8�E<��U ��TS%�����C}�M��RWM"����~�R�2�G��3�t��c���'%=i��m3c+.m[����ܫף:Q*{����C�F�Q�#]�geR WM���fP�dDF��&:m�˗�% E��1l�2'8�e�sq�M�7�K^[_�Z�Y=[��x[�i�.����J�1n�t����{0��I�4�������1���l��������+��U���F��=�*��`O�q� ��[�|�et�D7G#2&[ lΎ�2�����e�c�G�)"h�~9)��>T�OT�H��)�����ŋQ��C��8�!R!BѰ r�f-�*��܈[-V�@n(��ò���r �Ŵ�YX�v��}eW>(ߔi����J�L�f�ѣk�[��Q::I}<��1��c��KL�]�#�^�A�3���{� څeJ� ��w�;� ���u`�П�W�v�;ٝ`���;�;�KJ�ҿVx�~�{>���(/ G�#�/)G�o��S�(?*�&O)�S�铅q0ν�L������[�-}ya=�/��fe��Y�j����y_;ߡ-�� t���� }P�z...

��� ]E�a��\6%��Wp��=�����ߚ^�s�>���7Ǟإ��|}������7ߚ�!�'�f��xn,;�Գ�wo��73����Ovg���L'^>�� ���:B��{��r�=Zh5��u�<�O���\��$E��N�}j�q۷�r��s��O�?��� ��D2��3Of�A;�>���O��l�Mm��[H\�y*��d�� �5� 0n[�“�R)�j��#�gs���n��N��S=�O�`<��@��10�Z>*�t��*l����7�8|cL�ח�\�67��Į]v'���kAPݻw��z�&��Ƶ~a�lx6�@�x�6<��#%s��;Ʋ�)n)�x*�<�\��2/Q�D]uIR~��ԭS�N�:���6`|T�0^��T*?�Tm*�M{�.8���"������[��_����EW��B~=3Ϛ��/����Dk�a���,�;��&��DX����h��Z�\,=� �ƈ`�)!�E��%�U�����2����y R��i55�ZL�S��T%e��"�X���͔=�8�#���Pbf���A���p��X(��|*�C����tF��g[�م� ��}j�Y �L�h�c�!ju��Ճ ִ8䜴4o��@� #�Z���t�3��3��ޝV?Ϫc���'vƷ����K>5���K�����=���g�o�rN�ÈE�i2�����m�xZ5��?��iT� ��Eh���L��S Ƽ� ]g���ݣK�d]Bd��u���X�m |V�8 ���8��Z���M��n����(۴0�〾���^/r���,f�Wp�� @6x ����N���5Z��Ls1�b�G��i��T''���Hð��A���[�lxS���ng���Rp��e�x(<6����O����ħ�ϕ����8Ш1����,m.�z�I�b�E�lT�5��Ќ�fac�`��gi�j��L����Jˡ,$0��I��@��<���1��T�(��v;~��"�j��v���c��v{d�!YfAB_h`([�ȌD��T�֤{�C��s� J|�:r���HSAy�hB� �H��/�e�z3� |�k �X ׉��p2Y���7�=:��t9�!%�%펗p��Lo�[��9T�}ો������.�ض�+��.�EZ$-��dK�-� -G۴�ح�,��Xj�IJ�ʌ�@�fX�!)j (� C���{H���q^�v�C7#� X��0tŀm�&[0�Rt��s�$'�F���w/����D+�Y�R^P�_S�47l���U�5��[hke�7�=�bM � ��$���x�� � .�8?�* P5e�B^�(�W�oɦ(v�W,���HJ!�j�:�M:5�"6�3�%hd�ԙ��V�'6� ��mg�!�v��0��᱐L�D����w������;�ή�;�e.�;p��������uh8p<... E(��QA&����;�6���s�;�w~{��smL��;k��:k�O�.�.T 64H��HMO:Ō!��@F�&���$!��I*���h��c�k����{�}��C�*�teBd2�&Bx2f>b����*���핧>��o�%�ޫ�����أE癃��f�vZ�bf���t=�(���*n71z��,� ��!#�s���21��II7�J��|r�rq}1�d�͞S�e����t�T�����;�{���RX�%����dKٳ��+��tyW^����ďa�hT����]���C9�HY���q�S��R�|$㶊�z)�L��2*SGMd�G�����r_6[�é���h5Z�j�,&�Aު��T� M6jq �h�Fe�r�=\y�|����� �sr����g��J�+[R����B��Y)�lխ�'�%�)�,�7� C�^�q�'��-��8{�S�IaR��9�L'+��Sx�yYX4�+���u�]�]g���|ހ?�M�f�f��xLxL��{"��Dq�A�R�����9eMV'��'-O�CDŽc�rN�49��bZ0�ٴA�i*…ӑ��Ng �^g��D���� 0l�Pt�Ţh0�~��2 �D�83�qf�P�WԨ��E+�* �s��?��?������{w����~8��ώ;�Ͼ��s�+�`��n�����Z0-e-��&ZY;�R �PM(4��'�?6U�mJ�&uR���?FUU��G�C���*��󞓭v��}��=����|���B����A,Hd$"� dAQL$E&1��O H�K�[(�<�M[��p��tΗ���PS]�r �S��c���R�*~W��z��� ���2X��NB��U3KXD A�s6kѰ���( ��T�����r�M�>�[�Q9�����n�hK��t�tQO�~Q�������§�iu�hO���� =[� S����H)�H��P�=�l����{�j�΂��Q� x�q�yp��`���-z��� �RL��mVhb�k��dl?�D�R0Ab�.+V���3�ꡃl=r����%��ac$[c��{��s���_ g���'��x/��p��z���O2�۱���� �;����i(<��Њ� �:����8���Ol���۹JS{+~���aF�{[����pUc ���\)��(8 ��z�1MB�kN��6�L`7�g����4��To�n*���+^���_��dO�>,�Ɗ��:Sl��bS՚9�Z��;(��������cO�OgZc��ӾiqZ������s��VxI��.A$!?(J�y��s�Ǟ���Ƙ-����>;�GɃ|��fQ��Y�3ċ��U,�Y�@3�f�<�C�k��<�/5�ME���j��q\�ۭj�Z�R�feS�R d��Ŧ�V�����t�JͦpJ��V�pO׳������\��v�k�`����l�T႕ _>��J6��FM-��\�]�� | �H>$pI"Y��p���X$�oN�X.f1?�P�J�ʉ5[���U]S2A���D�Q��s�k�,�`Upe�zYh��?���i�o�����mL�B=Ӌ��v���tb�M��Sؐ��� ?� 4��p��2�wŕ6y�+΋Xm� 3�3�{<�Gl��^lL-/��Yv����!���v���... %�y��^ܸ�'�z� ��J�QȺp`���� \��_�������n2 ��9?���t�t�D�L3L����n�H��;>Z��C����OԼ�l)Tf9$���W{� U���MPI ���TȧL�\��[�f(Q��Z�lQRʣƣ�IHC8�T�2t} &������x�6 ��`(�ilm"9�H2��QK^�HUU�U&qXl�j��� �f�|>K�-z&�ef}-x�@��y�*��`�L�(�3O3S� ��`8Xd�`��T�b��>U)��5��`�Zp�ʷ��6��j e#Jg�-�nO ���w [E����,��������(����J�pg�@�࡫� +e�o�36��9�\�plroQ�E���fh���l��{��$�����pLs{P(���ʅ�/�T�)4b�.���]�[IOz��¹A*,��h�U<��@+[�j-�W?�"�y9��EP�֫E]�bF�)y��(� �*�aQ�ݹs�C(��>r���>r���~9��1R�K��P�d�F�_���s����ر�蝑"��,uu� ʽ��%�-qG�$� �� �,�L �(�����t����8�ol0�0���ےX�؛\�8i���w�:@�@��`>@�,�Ћy�;���`��w��#���,(�s��*�&,��!@�@��n�==� ��]�=+�f����,� ��p�������$� �Nq�������o��r�@ �@ �@ �@ �@ �@ ���¥Zh! F �N\S��̽�I��D*�+�*5�������h2[�6���r{�>zFfV �� ���F��/���J����ʪ 'M�2��[�j��θ��3g�͞S�0w�����.�\��В�˖75?�be˪��m��Y���G�=�~C��ǿ�is�O>�e��������O���gw���`�O�ۻo����C/����_��t��_��{����������N���>s�7o����߽u�틿�w.�����\y�����5i��XT ��z4J�����ҵ�J��^Oo�������"��V�Ť1o2gn�i1'����x�xT�}���~�~�>�����㟎99��9�Y��lp�sƝ�9��h�Gqa���L��� � �̮4 B���v)c $�%v.�•��b�a�B ���%q�`d >�O�e����cµ+)# �S)�3U�~����|3�����q��j�;Z���t���w֟�3��z=[���g蛜�3��t9��t�K�W���<�Lg�����tŸZ�4W�������AI,)<�i�� �nD�F��l���Lc��k���F�Qf�4���6c�q�8b�1��3�������܃�C��ӆ��L�+oY� �@�@f�k�@�����@C�ݏ�n��� ���/ѡ�s�>l�-ٖea˱�Y��m�lU�{Js%K��NS��[$-frR7�dz�b6,qgb���R�m �xM�zkYO���r���n��vN����A������g�� ������E���W-fM�",f-\�'���>b���&fF�����~��i�ٳM���X������ŕ� $���u <�8��>b���62k���Z:���RJc�տ�h�*�K}\~�����Z���$ov��վ� pE���?�������o��~�~����F�߸G6���|�od�u�oK�Ӗ��u���!���*�/�������E�"�B�$��Ƽ�8�[޾�.����ɛ�������<�������x\�V�h�7M�yͼl^h�2w�;�����e.1ט=���sf��2���R�o�o��rp��u�U|s�>��<~K�N]Cφ��P�6�Q�ʰzQ�ŧ�ū�����-P7[�V��T�7?� ��E��/�7��D7���?Q��'�cH�e� ���وG6�;R�5�Q!����oe������?�3���2S��,�<gˆ"��!&����5����PA�YX��q�A=rЀsq��X�e� CP��"� �p1.��X�� �� \��p5�������'p"N� 7��C�9n�J �p��H��y��h��a ��d����?��1�a ������� 0� w�x�"j��]���>܏� �Ø��h��`�cx��Jl�m0S�\�4�&�d�B�4�... M�x~sa>� ��"�GKa9��7�-x[��;������;�6�� ��T��J8 :�!8��I8-��9���܅��z'��{}+�xqI6�-���I˷��d{�,;�N2U�����T �?XJ�Yr�.��#d�)sd�%��h�/ �K�1r�'���)2Ao��c�)���쏜('�"9Mz�,� -�k5��Y-��V��du�R�.V����k �2�aV�5�*��Z�I����Z��qg���q�8a�4��j��Lf&7��0��f��L4MS���4���f�g64��3�;���{�����z�����}P�_���}D���y~�_��N�����*w��F��}a԰��'l���^a��<�K�f>UO����Xh,�_�B1F��D�p�ufH3v�8� ͍^Zh���1�T�'W��:֪��Y��~��]af��Rc [ld��%�Rc�1���xI� ʙr6ߥ7�-z��T���?���v�%� ����{�^^���J����!~���U�����^���sDg��\P(�-Z�6��(q: �`4Q: &���͆��C�퀝��x� ���-� �$��0^I"Yt���K�#"y�<�x����H���%��H]D��*��tѝ(���p��� W�*qڀH� ?�8m%K���T\�]&.3��L"� ���ہN"�S K�ɮ�t"�ܙ(�+������)n�Z���H�v�WU�T6. �*�_�w���Q�dωڒ�UQ;�)�p`xN�"j,�ύڜ�㛢� ���� �6jK�&�EmZ�p��Y7�F=�r�>��=���Z����'�z��W7����T�d��/�{>��i|�T|�硻��gѵ�2]/�xm�K�ّ,?��4�M�p�M-yF�c�lʛ��/<�/2�q���R/�"�����<�G�.�����"뷩��S]⋬��N]kwKK�i��y���|q����f����K�3JK�|o�`���)�fy�R����䧸�e��\��|�ۗW�������&�q��r�m�"O�;0��O��벽>;H�B�7�)� �� ���u�l?E��L_0�������fylQ�C��!� '��$��Y��3�;)���]G�����HgB�0^g�i�tƌ�'w������2\�q�b�mc�Ϡ*|J1WN��1;�^��2�cZ[1# ���0�Rl�E���@��XΚ3��v����4v:k[W� )]�1��V�wY;v��J߲ml{�h�c��MU��t�h졳�-�ְD#���,o}������հ*�L���G� �m���.�5��m�,���#��(5 h�2�p��H�'/mc�,9T:J�U��h����u�Ų$�2[�����;�U�u�Ϲ��]�k���[�� K@����e �Aw�� "�ڊ&c�5����h�?f��:2�D��mЉi�1j���ډVc��V3v�}��E��N���{����s�=�ܻ@:�����7� 5)Õ�9�F#��bp�i�z���򛴕��d���j�6��������pJm�:-��-r�.噼��r;���xW:����3�\Z��Ú�� ��x`³�y����G�C�~(�d@.�k���|�E9��C��b� �4|�,6_�-�:���4�So� |�����^���������?��t��B�����\���[�+A�=���x?*��,���x�� �(3�2�Ts'�e�_N�Kdh��)O+�(����j���٫�>�{�^�����a '�^��dN6��2;S#Pn�n� O�I���t2�� V����8�|~�ǁ�s �4�+@�\ŵ�%�����**�"��m�wx'�C�t��� �pb!��.1Hd�Q��+�D)h�� ����P�x_�'d�t�r�������+��+Bq+Y�e�2SY�R�(��;�է�⽴ז��L9������.���m���*�b�1��B����A�l��y���8�{�(��F.��l�LΑ+�j _��ᐬ��ͭ�Pܖsy���S�˕5��LnA�}S\R�L|Ã�7�C1Wz���D=��)K��D�$劗�C���u��;�U7�9u�8B�r^��9��F���u����p�����/��yb9��c�&�(u�/��k5򏔁�91�[q�q ]�yT�o��?�˩����f~Z��i��D1{P:��������DO�E��m;�<È_�"�� �y� ##��11͇hr��Q"�C���mEl���?�"�ȳ���8@��A~z 5�G��娃��b�����#~ �wfQ� Z&��x��X8 ��F���~1_������A�K�B�!2�@��,Zi�m�z�&p�x-� ^�=���5�O�1�WA[7Pk���0cc����X�K���{>Q)B�]k΂�u�QO#'�:syqv��R����[̩��&���m��Հ��f(�c���G�&��":�x��D��^&y��RN"v�+��{��BUȢP�\�݊d=~F�����������Zs"�n�fW{(E��mRjD6��x�B�T�m"���2O~ޓcF���Ĉ����X�;#}��Ai��z�S����I����>�����^=c�{D�m�"�ۧ5#-h(izQQ���+�Q�PG�@lvch��0��HF���HO�HO�HvhchL�[��q�@�ڹ����=�W#���F�����͗X[��|F�ڐ/X��Zc���wFt��Z�c�ƀ3��VN��#|����z�����~z����._e�1���+Hv:�n����*���F���F�1l^��F����&���Z�`F�j��r�ߐ�k�>ط�HXt!��&��o|X�,C��:�j�B��������i�X���`��� �'i�K,...

�4#f����N�Ȫ�V �3������ie� �;˪�' �[�q��@�E�<�s���Gϧ�'�c���x_����\z>G>���������>�� r��Z�'^��H�7�`�A endstream endobj 63 0 obj <>stream H�\��j�0E�� -�E�#��1'/��i?��Ʃ����,����*�u���h�͡q�,��0�3̲� 0��`@^��;����f��ֿZ/" >/� C�Q���>ps��"���x���ނ�л�|����o���n���*i��D/�m���m,���Ř?���A��:a3f�0��@h�D�dy�Q p����v��wD��8�qB��k��9KV� 9cΈY��>c}F��s�3O�S����'��Y�Y��R�W�W�W�W9sN��1�Qk�=�`.�ٳ"ϊ=+��G�3^`��M�h�ES-��i�ٛ&o��i�ٛ&oŦqR�M��>�_�|���B���Om�7u�w�x�~���� ߎ�� endstream endobj 64 0 obj <>stream H�LU p����ծv�+�>X���OƲ-Y���� 6��I�|l���u L����������0�@�I)�b'�P�6Z:�̤4�@��i���!i X�M�jF�{Ϟw�����ee0����_<�[m����s3��@�;tdӷ�}��e�=u��=�]'���i��� m�OoT�d�~ ���-m�?�ٳ��[��` �Պ���l^��տ�T(�������Mmdp�Y�F߯v���1_���a�}�ۺ�d,�,V�{,�C=�}�����c�����[z~���ٜ�,@���+4�:�OE �... 猵GON�둲��wn)�K�8ި7�š4o5Y:x6Z�~�aq;�!�~1����_v}�kKGn�x<��s �$��Sο�M|�OEz�^e<~1>g�����^d���0�!�A���B�U���3C�pj!j���x��%ᯂ P ���Σ蘅�LW�aꌂ2!ye�F�~xކ�@3�C ��\�+�hly�/U��{� �;@h�+ b�$�X �QF�ൢ���� 8�%}�P@sیHiRɮ*��� q5�_�V���*�!��zBn"��B�e�ܣ���8����������d&&�I�@H�P���*�o���ZW�hvE��(���Z_]ߏ꺮v�������M�������m� �C(��j{��9��ϝ;7���|���{זe)2�R�\‚��Q�ps��Ò�pQ�����������dR�1aHֲ�95TZ�����\3"��#�x�2L-2�����$���1��q�Ң��q�8&�K� �r�\e6�e��'p%�Bn�f�ߤ|��(���z�;m� �03ɅHD"�l���Sk��S\�$I��Z�֨,Dbh�Z��[b�δ%�F�PT\ ҥ�NY� ��a�2L֕ �$�Ue�b8�Z�Rc���xW�5�Y�uk=ZB�O��d9�&=('��Ö>x����fms�}��enQٿ�(�=��dZ�ö����6��7��FZ�W��teH�rQ��EE�g.3��z�0j�XF��R s)�q�y93�bL�ت�^ FT�l�&�d''S�����@�E��%���bc�d ��i���N�5O��84:)�,�1p/�v�~�%�̉�qyY����8�v1�@v��R�ŕ̐j!��Nҡu�F��1��B�����t;8�rU�YBbl�uh��$l��8��(y_I�JˠM !��$����$v� SY張��3�r2c����QB��(x0h+���cѽ��D_ p^��#��b���B��&�׈��� D5�5�k�/u�4��;� �A��{�(�H���QݚL�����9�c�&��j���@������4��=Oh2��aҤ�GҤ/���d3�K��hRУI�aw�hri�G���G��R��$�<������:t�HWǐ���k��d�j���|�,��.˴��ϣk�.��h]������]���?�o�'�����q~���7�c�&?��lY�UW�|}��e����c� 辶�������-'��nhY�7576�7�7mkZ��?�Y�T�4��7����}پ,_����K����>����üw��^����?�缧����P�=�N�~o�w�w�7��x ^���7sofzs����BV�,y]�I�d�,�ߕO�Q�� r��q1��������u�<꪿ "���V�����1�ҟ�� y�������Ǒ��{ڶ1>�ߺ�U� ���6T�jXo�.��P�[ k�K��`����=������6���9� S`*��4���<\�+p .��7(��*\�}�܅5p>��0>�VxJ�f�l�s�eP�0^����e�ű��92g�"��Rܝ��)R��Vo[�K�HK�`�I�KР5� �������... ��0۸��J#���S��M)n�*~�O�P��:"9B&�J��R����^��L'��ib���gP7�B�+���� ���������9r*��jJ�B��v\k��y�#{ӾI�5�L2㛔ɠ\�/���)��A�A��c�Z ��v���s��c��u��m7�9�|�9�yx86��솗��Toڲ���Ev�k��bM) �����n�v��b]��!IlNDH��FA�=��w�՞�h�wi�����bo���T{hx���/�,����u����$�S��/�k1�ή��:�1����� �_d�^l-v���J��.�m�k����j�����n�sc� dw��GxX �D!Kbv�`IB�M��D(JkA@���Y�Z�X:-���A�,!Ee��D�ű��EZlRI��;w���N3���{�}�{�wϹ��>��[��C����Z�$�~W��ͮЋ��x����0ƪپ@Ї�؉�a��[�n��S�-��P��ȳ<�"��H��b��@z���� �����~�;T��Z|��[(X��4�+-Q3~\�sHԛ-�[�� �1�,��\*���Sa�ݫ�m�6�}j�HC��I*S ��B�S�E5�W�I� �X| �`L��1�j�W���xϘOOo�V��(�����mZ��$.��M�L�92�a�k�~�,�;����>��1�ߎL�F�ch�qoco���"d&��#� ��`�h`��H?�9^m����k( cƨ��V��<����OBr|聝�Q��0G>lȇ~��(��]PO�����'�L�?��w��7����o�t�F�/X3����JQ�6�B�gՓT�'�"����F��I�_�kh��Q4��y�A�kh�I���?/�.�]�� 檡����375���Fcl������i�]C�/�<��s�A`��1?�7�F�9}��]_�Ͽ����x�?�}��̏l�� ������6�W���m�Q~�L�� ��0s/���h�!}�D���~�2� ���2 �(*��O�|e�p����`��)l{t�uɱ�x�=I����Z�A�h���� �欼/���-�-��:)�ڬ���ɜ�I�{=4F��nْ�s�m�s��u�h��|땒K��>�e�^i��&������E[ھ��Nq�̠:��~��7�([�EC�2*�]S����m���۔�h��8�9�aW����TV�tFƟ�� 2G�ī�S1�f�~Qi7��G�|�� �/KF��/P?2�i�7:��N��Y�qA� p���z`lR��3i�v�#'x�<�s(0�4Uo�B=���S6��O�G+���V�J��R)7�i��1k��B�yO/�9חK1i���qז�g�_7���s�sX��h �W���Y"�s)5�����q�܃�����+��ܳ�)� {�V|���qw�a��+{�+�� �e>I�ֽ~hހn�G8�x-s*ycp^�k�&/�y�Y4��˩������d�R��1�G}���ܯC�B��� �8���qU�C�Υ���"��s���D�VI��f�S�ᣨ\�锁���9Q�ɱ�,ж!Ob�冟�'���|�Ò��~s+m�X`Q�uVa�]�Slq�/�̍��X��m�w����)���9�g"��r�E�>T��}d?�Qlf���}��o ��$����\�t%YGf �q�.>6���F%%�����e���LmMQ���*M`�;v���,q*���ݔ�sZ/v뫭�-s�0���{�9b�}O�1�i)�iw3��t��HU�~�B�7Na�,����DJղ��B�}��;!Ҋsy:��ۀ5 Q��u��j"��tT�?������(���-tD�������� ��xen@�T~�#ś�Q�f��ڣ� �\V�"o�J��e� �M�����U����>����:Z�nOk���S����G��∾�ωOP>���K� :�;���%j�[�E�@-ʇT�=�\2T|���������]��... ��c�-�(,�� �̧�F6�6*h�YB9jќVA�I.<v��I+� ���v �re���[A��}���o~4V�1?+o���?�M��i¿� (���hl��Ay�&��C�~@C�������;�Bp�g�$Ck�˭��@y��.���rf��\�y�ی�˷�7�#�����a��{��'���Pc;���x� ;��i ���5P�����w΂G��t�m�e�I�9�<+ �>y��s@w��?��w��ܵz\�7�O�����A�3@��?C����|ҵ� �^��8������ �,�r{�6�\��=j-�Ix1�pW�(ނ��W��9���j�G.�&�u�~>����R�ʧ�k~*�ȫd 5SXo�!��P;���Gqo�:��wC��o�~����gg��L���a*W�9bI\ |YN��7��m���9s4b�oxL8z����d��Y<)� z�s���<�g;�[�h��������H:�Ng�o��?Q��Y4͞�b�sOllWk��ߌ��{ �쇎`��Y�qh4��"6�W�ɺ�{e3>��ω�V\Ag�*���|��*.�y�}�!֢N�=f ��:#��^��5�]�|l6W�V鍀.��������ե��ק~�D��{b_P��t��o<�����c�2?����!�;���_X+���A��TʟZ����NJ�㩓���4LkM�Y�)�iz(��� �>;�9i��qv���fJ����f� �^]���z���K�ہ�"�#=�9�3�?s��zN�[��{��Q���{� �=�v�˜��g͸��c���4Se�ֹ���A��J ����?�7���"�~ӄ��Y����ד [�����Qbz������>� �$�:'�^S�8hc��v+]���[��,v�|]�- ؄������۬w�CO���M�|> ��T�5h{�[�����O�}�!�uxN�m,7���˟\��g���Q~�������r֢ Ծ���k�����6v� B�)D}�rŦ4,�<�g+:/p���c GX�P�ֳ ���~����p2�K��#��H�B�j �n� �B}� ��j �*V�31N&�,�8K��P���.��|���~���1�7ŝ��w5�&}�t�R�I<[ v|V���^H�Anh -��~B�2c���õ.�>½���h��F�s��{@&�E�?΢��B�A.��x�y�4�>�k5�G�5j�����������T��¿�µ�w�h}�⮉����d)�zO���Qz �s����0מ�ބ=��g�:��2|l... �F��c$0+S@�KF�c �$Ib��&���$��f�N�B�K��:���j^�T��!ߤ�jjΑMbP��U�� E���]�X*b���-�Bq�EBXt����|p��᤻�5���Gϡr;]��!79G�:9閊1Gv�=���&�[�Rǽ���ol� ���']�|�–߼ �W�f>�,[�`ņ���Jl����?�����Nl��8,/n��g���?׾��ɯ���]-�Mgxw�Nwz��d[��t�l�β�%,cၳKHx$6P^�]�i��`��'�Cj 阖�h2�4�$-�<����ch;&iZ��)�t���1�?�m�T���Z˞����p �<�A��-0��O!���@�g*�~8�E`��0Ck��7��%|� �A2�Ñb3F��S���?��$��Q�)��/g�cL��`���N����maN�ۈ"�4 �EZ���^��ϐ��2~�zv��!�Q]/"�H$�ƺ����k��l0lg��q����s� f-��U?!WT��?~��-�̈́����,}�S�d�F�o;onB �E;��LŸ(V�Kl)H�S����t*����!W�tP��N��UϛΛ�����'�Qu�NI��l� ~��zY��$��f�EK��jC���g��P��*�oS7F�%z�&Ŧ�N[gNO^��Uz/�#�ޜ��B��$�� n���e�:���Yި&Q%�\�L�ER�L��i`&�S.�6b<��qX�x�&�r��h�M��C�ty��w��)�Ԝ����]v5N,�͐�ȍѬ���� /�������J�)����q4������ �n>#� �(f����8�u5�ɦM�Z��u8�N_���I�Xב�kЧqm��o4~t��Z���i��� ������+R�'ͯ����������ޅ��;�n��w<������e�����v�>�icm٪؃[3��^<�e��-�As�&�0�D*�h���5�j�5�^E�3��&�f�=wS�.�\��� �)�����d�F,s/G.�S�X l� �S�S�'"Yo���z�Ӊx��@N�1'?��I�g���Z8��pS�7<��X�|M3�g"&w����HV�Dz�?m�� ����e9�2ۯbO��YB�� ��|��=$p��7ːlP �ʣ��7*� N�9Y��n��e;����Ρ߅_{��[/���?]x�,I�Դ?��{K���<�U�wq�W�|~��C;߿����r��e����6-��2�n����S�4V4�r�nw/D � tA�Ct,�m����n��,{�f�f&@Aŏ���G�d@��0���}��deI�XnMvU�+��?����,��o`!U�`j�4��Rs� ����)mJ�h �:(��2��g00 !"Ɨ1�c �b a�C�k0�4 Ѵ�[�-�ɫD�}���m]f��5�E�ƪ�6B�r˼���E}P��΃hx�5�Y ���>n�8!:�O���������m�]�>K��3�1�Yx+%:(&ৱ`�5�YB�P�\ ���q�... &xV��e��X���)P� 0—L5�64�]�z��N'�q�e7Ow�c�����y�D�(�Z��Z��I]o]9�33��o�㧨&sC$��j�om��?A ��&���:3M=�9��d��� ��".$E�e� 0"FR $ ��Z �D�S@-�� ��f J�� *:�)���V��KfG<|�P?�����Q`Pͺ��\4f�.=`��(�0����ڴ�<31On�y��%k�~:5ht��Hj�A/s��C?�zF]3��WV�?��ck������ ��х���S]jI�g6�PN�����ps\�G+w���,���r��J�,/���� �:�hs�=�C9:��������� �I����"�3ޝ�����ט��Q� c�g\:��Y�Xs6ޓ!�X�h��T�Yq"��U 3�B_��Gy�W���a�O������\���B���w���� �-h� �ߙ����j.��e�B.��6 ��l?kQb�l ,���l�%IZp퍡���>q�vI���T�9��*���p� 6��OU�ߟx�z�j�����#�cG>?}�C�yf��A�c�T@%w�t�e��ub]d���o��oo�4�^/D��Gh�D΋�B�Gi��J")N��◃��r9���Q�pk��j�9/��U�L���Ca��{qA�h*(��^�ue\a�O��O��O�����nd�!‡������ ��_�C�|�rs�X8u{y�1u��Q� K�#u#�!����w�p�����1���9VN��S0+�/�;� ���*����?t_G������u����4K�{�g/W?={��a��Q=��� zpn�@%�l� ��$���h�L~�h����܀m�>�röa�=!�9�J�.+6_�Mv�$�h��U����iZbE.̋4R�D �-=Ke� ��ЗA*�:�[�z8��Gm6v�� p4��\;��o]3;�omώ�u)��?�����*2��;��L�"�T<��T|\MT r� �� ����a=�31�����h� �[��U��è#�C?q��������T�`x�d E�4���}gLm�}��B��yk�����%<�U����\����6m۽�����y�ם���...

�9cBυb�������� �tc�eZ?�z�ߥ�a�Q�:F���4�&B�i���j���v9��FZؘ� 6��E[ՕG��1�EB�]d �� 3���̶��b0�����7}�}/�]1��b�5h͔��J���:=�����S��Z��iEoI� SYlD���� ��2�~ޜ��O5G>��Yh���ƛ�H3і,�Ed��@���lD�+(Az�]�Aw'�EY�I^�0���E��a\�"a�I�R�X ��?I���- �@4����|5��:"LHz(o���᯳o~��s��H��e���g7O?Ӻa��OJD���OMK���6��wa��ӧ=$w���Lf�K�F-�o���B.���f� ����: �����B��L[�[[�[����D�7ZM��AǠs��?�����3c�C�QǨ�kT7�g֑u��p6� �I��)S4��Tv9,��L ��زܲ�Z���n��FfCr���\��s�nw�;���'ۓ����,qR6[�c㒂-�ږ̴�ٲgL����Ky)7A��OV�V��QyE5���$�^��7n��.���Z,�n�b�J5F$�1��������N� dĥy�p �*�r��9�F\^)�8�~D�sdW���ʌ|lj��R�b�n�MG�#;#�&R��_N���G_�Д�3��e*6�4�'غf�>� rX=H9��v�eW��?��aG��P]�ł�F7XdHz��<*b����P�g���ۗ��ig�?�ޞ �3q:�*P����*[h���cJ�'��֡�v0\�k%�g�d����g����T��f���E���^�wa� �%Tg�Ac�EZ�c�:[���>l� ��2b�I�u���`���U�<��� �=�}�|}�P� �/�����S&BH �!�nQ��?�� �,�;�bev�*�ҕ�gܰã�_�T�kUI$4��#숨 <���<���aDZ�B䛄�Ƿ�Pд,�((�|<��e��~��g��[����:�X�t8���d�^�ߔ���nn������=a������`�R�����K��~��kYn����?oǥ�1�:��\�݇~���̛�ՙ�р{�������H t����n��y~Re/�b���-Kn��H�vp��Şz��d��9:�1;�H�P��I��<29��L��¹�׭��j�o�=��^� |+t��+��{(�@���c!`lK��c��FG�����/<���٨��f��̳U'vo\d��<��Z?WM����D->��U�fu;xk��@�!�v���:C��x�aڢ���7��M.��9H9��N�aY����N�A3��f+��8O�Y�Ѡ�o��=����Ӻ���!t�ow~�z�����$�J�r��sh¢�*����VS�ծRuk�Œ��lĢQls�x�L6���bFԶ��[�4blJ�Ji�JD�����/���4� d�6zN�������y�f,m�8�~�/�\��ᙳ<�OtA�� ��m܍t�d�Z�Z3,ۦPK��3�f�T1f��� vn;�������>���J�=ɞGk�:v��Rp�~ �z�Y�Ib� 7?6������H� 3���)p��,M���"� ��ܬ-��ؙ�;#^X�ɢ8מ��Ɏn*;�=�'���m'N'�2wXŪ;��3Tň��iYPa��A���3o-�rۜ�\��L�r�4o(�绻L��y\�Ne���$ �\��w��������3�t:/Ă�~�P.p^m...  �@�.�xa�e��r�5=��Z��Z�*.N��2�B�:�{1��b������c��=�}}}��*4�V&�HQ�f��\����4=Q(+o*5�a$6����!Wk�ou�AJ�p�m�&��ї���쉟w��)�|hߺ/�z��m�9��˿���wp��[SV*r(����>�<�^Y�x Tu2�W�����vAuE� �"�� ��D(�TOD�B#�l}ฒ$*]A��ؿ� �pK)����c�Cad��K�Y7������]�/*�8!�� __ �*D$��K��vb�KHp)�2,�Q`��a���� ��+���q7'� ��q�6o��fV�M���n�8_��p�א�R�42���� Gb���Z<6��e���O-���t��H�eB�`�-G�G�Dt&�D?l��Km�m��䅡���!�X�.B�J?������G���M)��)O;A&�6� ��O�`�5$����Ku��6q����컳��g�l��q�8q���- !uHHV�xn"@�:mJl�!U�����䈩�6¶���?���5�(�F��5�&F�(TB��.[�����Юg�}�{���{�>����|�q!�~v.� D��*2���e�N��/1̼�1�y����AD�u�Jl�Y��7Vq�F=׶�ah[v�ه���~�����?�����_lWm����R�D����_�+ z��v9P���#�|g��H�H��� 40Ip�����t��%T��l<�%���m2������݋t.�A���XQAQЀ ��\.Ga tܰ��W9'�IGl�F'�<���=D ,�~�g?��$o��~i�7��U<,�xb������`���ؓՂ�<�D���:�G�� ����rэt�0Sw�#��s�14��=d��Rt5�'�2wd��P��B,����� /�1 �TF]#��:�&�7 ��>n�y�;jyR:R�+�e�)�_��������]�DŽ Xݔ�m�}� ���|�aM�O8�L����n��2��=L���Oyf�ϛ�7��S�9�{�ߙk��f���CҺ�3yb��Mæ������⊓L�.��Q�!����tz�l����@ D�ډ��w�)����b�E�%�MY<�R� ��t8&�&.��+ �+�k'�$: h�����帨��"�DI �� �d&&�K��ױ�\ �]�ْρY�/�)HE 6�D��ǝ��IB ��CR�jiA��Z�f��0M�A�i���*�S=���S... ���X����@/,2������i����S�kP�isȅikٱ�x7 #9v�����3J���O�zc|@�����������*���r�$B���ç������3��oY��t�L��r�D��G�,����Gly�0�%� ������XPΉ�{�Tɦ��65� B������4�]�oGbjW�!�`�C��]��x���X�N����C<��G�,:�kxn�S� �Qߞ���[I�?%@3�M�X� 1�r��#^g��g;��xZ���xa��ś2�a���}�WF"V.F�c�1�ܙ��O��k>���c�{L���o7�gi?ҡ�ֲȜ5o��k� ִ�z8XX0��*t����Ҩ?���9Z�Q��F� �EA�4�攠 J ��2̠V|+B".���CU�<�Y |UbZ�R=�U1��_i�dZ%s��RW�=5���VN�?{9�w׷�PyakR� tK�P�%������:�|�k �B�#ʼn�b�1�=m�d��!' g���q� ]��bq�m>4N��tc�����&Z� ���#�R��v�lvt>:��&H����[C��A�7����������c:��?j�%ܥK �+]��.�n��x�!�i�/�Ĕw�˨�7�;���.0�-�]��,M8������j�^���i�e�s`�� ��d$��؁t�p��,d��4�7��#E-c��u�b�a����e���5��k���;�J���Q������t�e� sƊ�g �b�?�:F���Z��`�;��ߣN�qLB+�8.��ԭc���ق��l�<��mg�(�v�J ��L�T�v� *�R6. ��z?��3�rH��2 ̧Ӊ�}�{�S�� ��ە�?��Lg�M���=����h�|�s��X��ЙW���6)�#3LPݫ~������_��! d::BЇ#x�Q�`�پI/8:�؃ J������t}��� *)^��'єDd=��S�az#����g����8u �5&� �� ɫ!F���-��7d�������@�����7�@5�@]Ƨ.j�u��]6�I�y�oE[�e�u�r�u}�}��]�M�������I����e6r'���K�ķ[�m���+�'�Ӕ�jS�M����S�)�E�2�e�N�R�W�!�I��`N:CΈ����3�g�w#���C�H����a���EeQ���1׹������Y�|J�4q` ��d��/���D ��*<��Dx��sZA��w#Pw��q4�T�!�����O| �5�g��QK���&��H"a儢H���jX�� �F�<:�Bn�P��fǧ�2ݱ =i����6IK ��,�"/I*_c��:��}V~�� _�T>:*, �@v��;/l�PN��U��u��`m�\fɹ�l8;Nh�!KN�a����N�����7(�g���.�K��1�7 ��c���S͆�[Ʀ�#5�jǿ+m^�� |A�Ti�H�x�m��g��,..,�2��d��1 �4+� h��~E�� ��7,�,֩��IvE����[�.�.d��{�j%_���+����3�� ����}U�qcu��Q��̓��}}�Ν�G-����|f��O�9�v��z�b�H�e"�.>���TB��a���_�z�,�y�"�J�I�r{�l]%�%GS������9T��DP�^�j�_��^P�8&T3� B5�h�Q6 �7�0����h�`@�wp��5�CaF��*I��^H��a#A���=���X�PP�KJ&i��e &��JB��(���x��7=����?����>�Z+���KR�^�G*8{�݉ I������mۺ¼$-�%Q�L�KԟeZ��gZq��T�XI$�^9V g` [S`N�$M�&F�vhWt�^�0���= Q��p�u3�-X�1��t}*����a(�fK�s%9 6A�:<�ޣK��|����y71���{Ž� ͒2�-dJ�\Ik�r�%�M"C�V�F��E/M�Id^"-iEZ��J���_*OȖ�|��~,T��)�lGu��ڤ�������̸���F�1��� ��T�p�O+]�L��)�]g�r�Uw��6���A��Ѩe�|�� ��C�a�=Φ�T�8�5��#��f˕2W�@)S��k.��Z^�__j�`����ؚ�aj):=E������E���� �+00�n�qh���,�(:h ��P��j����[��ƀ��������Q��*�L~�Tj�H��1��k|�q��5L��'�����f�[�hKK �m�_�v�Sf���S��6=%�v�? �!��<`>�X0{rE�C�iI��)�K���L��5x��)�Uu��W45�����'�-kX��Y�g_��Z���K�N+������g�33�� �m[�G��n��+Wv��w}������4�F`¼���­ě-��)+YkUP��g�}x3Z�B90 K���*��-�^�l7c)-�]�7ce-4 ���X#Y/ 5� Z�nLi�cNT���$Ғh1��se6����&�O��dU���UV]'�a/j���l���E��>�~������:�Z_��L]��u���\�D���\g�Aͺ�Y'˯QI�S�p�ѧݟ�gQ�B��g�~봀Q�/���~���@���q�nM�F�R$@l��-J��S]Q�,�h�&�zTqw[e��rw�Я%I` (9��<��6�����S ��C��]X�8|����S�*N~�3�,E�"�O.�'k,;�g���MY"�I��.o��)��}T�&�ĕb�/�GƖ��R���s�svAU��[�9�ɛ+�~���T�����s���t�3|l���K r�'����0Y��a2�2Y���mm�]�!%��],�JI����q���E�R�ُ�/��͒{�Sr�/�ϝ��0]�9{���[�� �;珆��x<9b�#�^9�j'��!�*��ȵ>�3H�S�}�3;d�^�@RE'Q9�=�� �>s;�0����0ޝ,r��VF��;����8�~���~Ĕ�wQĹ$�*8��7��4y>$I���"�"�'��?�:L~�����|4���ǃ�������~���k��7���a#����+ar{�#k��A���!7=��ȓMl���¯�m��ߗ �4�+p���[�����<��o-����GW���8vC ��>wl�CF��`x���X�.���qy�g\\��|���-T�f�D�$8��������0�8�.� �J�A����������� ������li�Мxq�7J$#p�ڐd�����U2�$#s���J�r������ne����#�!�|��g��h��Q7�s�;W��7�{4�r� C�ʪb��m4����b�@3�%A8'\l9�-u�dx��*�5��f����4 q�t?�fݹ�w�{�/k���@v�A]%j��Z���c����ZO�1g[�,2T�Aav��+̊ঈt �R�Ċb�tJ����B�u��u��|�0T���<|m���X.υ�Ef���?���*]v]6/g���bo�Qz�|�t���qy\O���W�<�l��<�@��e�5}).S�t��,� 7��G�A��K[J}���#�GJOD^4O֮p�S���[cΰ�P���b�T�A�G���8��T]A5�ɑ�ę8\&�Y3t�m����T�� C���DB��6�c�*y��["�x>�N� ���b��0C�0?�s�4��',5Q�}�+MZ0d [�gX]k� ���m]�8�5G��p��X�?u3���\9u��lМ�q�.��r�RisZ6����'#;rP�P���fc���f�O�-�Z1���=@kz*_� !����L <_ ?a-�x��,v��p-� �‡�yWcF�T�bb&�In2����<�N$'Rǖ5'�!�cF��m��Y�~�t<{��n h�捄��'��$F�����$�8�T��� ��1� r*��&�d �$�l5!l~.9%Ej�%���E\B�%D�d��7��yo�N�:a2��u1���<�(=������*j���#��Ѫ[���h�PBUg�FBb$���·wn����w��W>�/#w�3���7������Vn�E1ĝ\|����W� ������1-���������]k�#�v�kX��?ٵ�7�$,�kX.]����@C q��,�[�]����D O"�G�y!�)�+��k�S... �[ l���1Ų�������mm���i�v\��s�@ �@ �@ �@ �@ �@ ��?H�st���:��fq��"�*6:jK�d�����UQ;��-Qۈ�0�d�8�'ώ� ��7js$�Gm�ҏGm�עv J%GԦx$/�BA9J�&ˋ6��t!,�b=����dkw���%�)g:�R�Li �~������T���T�K���T3��!�T��|�I�\-�G��6Z����BJ `�׈O�ڥ{�Ի����I�H�,�|�S��.J-�=(��6=~�����j�K�U�KK�o�_i tB����@pq � ���� ��Js���P�����{��� M�g46{����3�5���f5z�j���P��')�݊O }��E��B%0��ƥ�w)!ʻ��=�oUf�|!���j- ���K�B�vw��P h�dRE#�ynSJD'_���Ƭ��5 hL:u}|������(�C���Ȉ���+����c>Oa2�1�l��d��ǃX:�V(m����^A-���6<�Us�˵`��R�>y:Q`��=�Ȗ�0P�%.��Q݅��;� R*����&l�WX�aӰ��ք>�S8@k�2�&�}vL�䱑�>N���،s����.

���~i`�����XM� /�����cN�I��Q�#8�RY�T���:u3���U��JF�Ã��.��i�3��OX�b[�>�N���g)�퇱�"�Eu�ŋ���q37So�Q@*Z���I����X���Qi�\������4�n̡��(�q��RjA�I!����o=Fo؊��-��8�S��O���w�r��:[ݣ^�Xb1�1-���3?�Q=�������)�+���u#��u����,��8��! �u����z��lkf �z�� �s����A�g�y�M��jYV� O�R�v̦9Љ����}����ҙ�������>���?/���nʽ� ῄo�kh/�H��C�� ���,�b(`����"����$)Y�KU��+͕VK}�k�ICа��{y���}��i�A�N�vj+)��E��Oj�;�UUu�Ϲ��ݐ�@BB���<��dc(��B�ͮ�@!����@��q(88�F��K��Q~: �vP:� V HG�Z�"�0��F���P�h��~���N;}g��s�9��s�=����}M��h3=EmG��{as#V�.�n+o��_�i~���G�OD`��_���V���-�&��r�l���R�Rg��v���{���]�����dމ��K/���~�wg���O�*k��Q6j�fj��{��/ ���� �vl�ɂUd|*��?vm.?����P x��5\� �-��?�~���s�o�y>x�O.s��?�I,$��'��� O�!�X�V���&�؀:$^�Żr���lY#��=��$�R��Wr�|�JY��(o*o+�)��IjPmP��g\�Y�J�j�nׯ\�\_�]�%�Z�f�%��C�: �_��O��M^�&)EދT٤�r%"�r��.�QW� ���l�F���s_ʵ\%^� 9I͓+��,>">_�O�d���~Y���Q/*�J�z�HtS�x�O��e�l�~Cy�>�Q���IS>c�ou�؅A�����,�65"�ϫ��ƙ򒲏�J]��o�NT� �@�G,�|�O�뼎��9*�W��"���/��-S$���^�^�$c)b�ȓE2/7D�<�z � �J�CO���ȝ��'�JzVLAM ��\��J�P��=iWl�=�yv@�q�N�G�y�ûq��s9؆{�n�l5s��"�OA]��r8�2�m�y1Vd�.Ǫ_���U��?�ﳆ7�MUlI�De������p{��K�EZ�)��k�����e8s�`�4ʇ}�t@��j �yF��-��X ϳ�'as��%J1*�Nk5�_&�+d(ݨ�s��2%#�P-Nяq�q+��hf�E��M8�z��:dM�Xj�֠򞤃n���&�����J1�N����ޥ�O� �UV�-���`^���o��ߚ�so�?+s��)�}��^m�� ���ƥ��M3z�'qdB|\��KU�`��PT3'GMe�^\�m�z :j�tDM܀��pS�:j�p�Bh���fa�f�&{�|���kA]3/�ZW��Ao+�#�yݡ9�:�׋Z0��H39��І#-�t�q�=P�����8�q�����S �!DJ0�SPL�2����9N/�-0�/XSg.) �ҽ�H���� ��$}����P�Y�tL����h{C�Z�������hV|�^W�4lʚ��ƨ,�[d�<�q�]���[�JӥLm�l�0Z5six��k�G"���P�a����\�Zbk$l�V,��~�>�yW���j������QlL�aR�&�Ѵ���և�Ԍ���5�둚��Id�mzq\�6n�$�����Α��D|�P�~P�P��M�� ƕm���HS[�����f����X1jx"�Qf�����<�{�����q�����φ�����|�[d�v� &����eff� �`Gac��ߗ���%L�ɣ�A�h b[��A�^{{ۻ ���\��5�M?J�9YSDmɩIr�-i�... ��mF["O۾Z�v�}m��]��Š�0&_�Z+@�=�:ĸ��1�O��u�'��.�M@�n�b�i����'�uS�RAI��gi�����O���M�C�}C��>m[�]���7�^�t��~_�� �$�[7A�$ ����\������9����h (�c��`B�H�%H�U�R�6�L�A���ڂ��`���)E�"2�2PqTP�}D�h �UhQ��j�tjy �d�[��}��B(��;�ͺ����k��6��!�-rv�ؼ��$7I5�8ˢs�P��Hm�� �E�14T���]R��d�}K){�^m[A�����"�7(X�߬��4q�Ӑ���11�D�y~ /2~ �W���͝��m�a.6r6 ��>kÌ��s���>ɷ6j{P���q�����L�@�]/��P�}��L�a �f�6�>�6��cO�f��������w�,�B�㞈��k��Y�έ��6�$�##��P�Sm*KO��k�;���%���U� �ʼ6�Q�M��I��Iz�N8��������*Twz�N:]d�)����.���k����L�_��~V�;�����X�T���,��>�+�Ԏ�ט� ]� ��CV���;���Ar�� ���-�$��m*���֟ ������O�0&�!�5J�����s���i���)O��iM<��.����%h�-� �6��a�] �ә�"h�:���������p�\���Y��)�Vt~䜌�m��-Y���w �I{�j͟���5�w��t��\��A���b}sg��|XF���3f�Y�YǸ��]�e[r�=e̙k���l����9ڞv��23~�<�7o[?�Mf�{ c����#?��5v,33��f�?���;� � ?6�x��LL-��ȗ�X�zJn���8Z"WD��D�i�����l�|O�J~l}[�ݯ�C����R��!s4(���{E|��c#Wi[�#g���Se��ڼ�?h}�$�S��˹ÌEgg%=�l�i�;��Aj��? �O�M�9+���ã� �����f����Zb��J�z�co#�0W�\ Oʣ>%v�l��|`�.��\�s�_�6�gnj5Gs �VI>.5�_b�j������d��o���E*�&9��E���ʈ�M�G��B'���.�Xm�9b��B��%+�Z�Oh[(C�2�@ ��v���g�[�����h���$�um�/���<{_~ǸWe��1݃�7��U���r����Zt�WrI#5�Լ� (k���,���eb��K��ͻF�ʕyRĴj�%7��q~O�P�{+���>]�V������vr�y��I���~U��a�6�XK�rc�An���k�U���`��24� 9 eb�'���ְ��\g��+�̗,k��{��v����|�]7��{�ާ��:�G� �<����e�U�2�k���{�ܑXg���Kb4e����7���Z��E���<�.�*x3���gB� ���I�jX �vm��:��g�d�|���X�f��,�֫ ƛ-��1…R��] �R�0.VN��m����=��x���cÉ|㉢wW���D�|�,����ckCrzb�yٜ�Iܾ _ �GS���Ή������a+�:�����s���=#7d�� c˥^ &���W�^ �Ҷ�k9�q� GY�{�K���+�T�F��"Ý�L�u�*h_;>�x zwo�2���|��k���_�nw���%~>�!�3�g�K%�j��Nf�ٸM��/�O�nTk��'�;��+���Z �V!l�Z'��jr�f!�v�F��9����k'�v���/C9���n%r)W��I�!����A���R`��9��`~z��D>�cļ������� 3k��`#42��� �[�/S�������a L��e�w@����4��zJ��'*�;��.o��Ⱥ��yk���I��D7��!�����q��~�dC.=\sJͣ5�M�?k����nk�r@4��y5w��59��9��+�zNrq#۷&�jȇA�l���:��=y�ԃ|�c ��5�!�������2��x���@�Ǹ�^��J��n\�!b�]2 ��ˎ���m��� �z4�Mg���ZO�u2�����Euju�H��er����5f��=�q|/n-l����B67�T`;���zVjK֞�#�ԟ)��!�$ �}2����Y�^�-}��s5�PԾ�R)A��y0^ ��a����@���Q�F��eZ0ۮ��O�~�3�e�=|���t?��M+����T�-�俄L��]�_�������E0+��Y��j�_�J�^���T��B�{����H��� [�1| �@'����09F ���` �|'S��p�Q��"NQ:SEF���ZF@@��: 6... � �Y^��U�C�"�w�f5f��g���fj5ӹf:�LM#���aP]]]N�鹦ܼcL�ǚ��}Z����7�kq=��w�j�zkS뼃iLgMl�1ݻ�{��F�#�;�;�+w�Օ�H[Lذ�����O�:|���"'�� ���.�V �i�p�o�@���q�o/`V�q����;���x������D��0 �h�<�煺r�(�xE����9�g��:26�A�� b� b�đs��rC>���!�2���"���;$�.�w^:/GMu�zF6l�y�n�۟��t�CT���7��h����z�_����Q��ǐ?2� �bB�K�� �}���*��p��Wp�\R? �wC�G!���z<�~)��m��U�u�����{o6�L�-S1��� ����N:o\ϙ~|ї��U�1I�%jͬ,a�}�H���6����6��|jg�5� �4z�n����?h����V�G��'1z��1�� �8����[(����\�3�/���n��Z�vtY߶��DַHTd}Îކ��= �#;�"̴���`O��Zz�4J\�'��{�[��e��"�J�嵒�>���;��_h�}���2.�݈��~��^��~�X�m�-��-K�}��A����%�=�.h":�!�W=k����A�e���^�� /�"���b��9�[/S�M���C�:���2�.�c[˼+mh��%�42n�DW��qEz��hь�&\#���}���vW�+�jpmt�s׹��Z�w���V���&�u��+f�{�#��Fqpv�{���w}��%�� 9-�:�U�&��VG$]v��om��-w�W3K��0��%}�LɁ &(w����2� ���^��v��k�,M[�y� Z��5�-�� ^��u��nߝ| U9�� D>���� Y+�o�7d�֞����e�4�J^�ƹ�f.�W����O_If�HX���pY�����iI�z� �4�J.������0}>�c���m�s���4���M\��Pi�����������F.Z�uH�:�,u�,�"|�aX�+��]��iV�������,�j$74���5��?�ii�֑|jTK i�Q`������#��ґ[<���C#���ni�I눖 .

����\"�ԁ�R�M���pJNfK S]�Gr�~��k�1�M�ƺx���c�i^���3f#|� ȱR�3�me��;0X���k$bX;�^����M���?>�rL��Ƌ�Y�-�B���� N�������(D"��Op�H#��yOh�H0x!0 o�W+r�z���� 0�E� endstream endobj 66 0 obj <>stream H�\U t�W�}���{�Œ&��œ����$"b 1c�8!b�Iq�e�b�ڦQ��v��N�L2c�H1b�2��P��T;��;�Dϴ���{޽��}����P oA����D� ���7�s�gN�����_C �³r��m����E�&�̺�ѯ:�Hޘ=6c���I@Z6�;d�"� ��<7�Ι��{"�$χ��s�~���>.V���W9y�A-�<�X�=�3rƾ����s��͝8�Kp�6�A� �s��u�� {��7"K����v��S�OJ�G�U�0(��$��L�%J;w�쏅Xk)���W�:�4�b��Uh؛\w����T���`�t�n�j�� �4�=��!��)��S^�08�zP� }���HUD���HA ��k��"��7��y�؀&� �a6J/{�pA�c�?�X4C?I�70)v7���}�4旪�שa*~�}��T�1�%��d�i8/�2†�7&c.�`���-%���h�ј"n ��o?A��\e�=jϡ�7Q�C��I���{��lVRڑ&�#��5 ����ͷFb�tmL�b��OfK������#2�&�$OJT��l��Y�C��i�� �jK�A:������-ѓ/-�"���;L:*5%TzS�r]n���.5�G���/sUw�oږϳ;Nc��7�b>�p���ݠf���M�K_s"�'6�� Q��ǧ�� .��W�$�%5Wo7��l��lz�[���H�.��G�IGz6[J�j��j����2;�.G(ke$�Rr�c!v�,n�I}JFQ����ryG���z�Nӫ�Xg���9�4��a�y_�^��5�I#��Y���\- �5u�>�4J�d��{�Y��.9.��<���`�L�R����YuN7�-t���.uB�+� wFyC�!�[Ͷ��l��`��G�Ya�wGV�Db��=|����i\d�ݨ�;x����-j"^i&��n� ��DVJ���rG^*�� �����4��������8����_���LӖ���4O]w�a~�/ח_��7޷ڷ޶g-�Xy�hij��0�c�i... ���GXP�\a�岹�\nH�4������vs��H��d/7@ p/��!�����E�n����sŀ���u�}�u�= ����W�(�EC�n/nj�����b��QJ�EtP���`A>�%;����a1j�oi�;Ԁ���� i�M}��JFS>�]��� ���g삽�^mo�����Wl�~��:�~��"���|�:�i���v��6q�q�~w~��ξ���s�w��]�ہ�c;\˛xM��Y,^��B! ��mJ;�a� �]�������ӱWm��V*j7��F5��ISӿҴU���;;��Kd��;YQ�|���~�rh~�=��h Wy���H`uq�O���b����Ś����્��+�[��.�� ��V3�Zg]|��f m�H�gNd&������k�om�������k����BLp1VGX�7m٫���,:c�U�;�\�k���o�/_�X��|.%��zxЧB���~�H��f@�A�65��-M�6JaV1V���a�t�������;z��Q�1��`b�|�&�#�ST�n�I��I� �7҄ �!��sI.��-r�;�;Ci��-#�(�:�1�K���b��Ng.#���+S�P�S�.b�+N�d*�O�1����:��RC�����g�ºd�fx�( ��9�:ZFzXUm>�@k��Z�K���P���=ų Ի�#{���;Tۊ�qN%|�:1���zA��:I� (���Y��I#���2��h��A�(ĸ3�s�TA�b+�W J7��%�P�����ڑ� W��q\!�ɦ9�I���%-������H\hC0��6�*��6-ǁ6�S����C�@�ƥ��E�h�9���-���dM�Kd7U���>� `��Fn�6��ڀ�޿rA�ڽ�u���������o�N�xYL�X�ɮ���t���.������eM�E����x����N��&м�hhGm��С�JӬ�Q� |� =�O�m�:��k����c�CIEdѳFadѭ�1U��j� 4^ۧ�&4�VA�/G��M"���w�� �S�/pa)L��GHoo5Z'Z) ��ʍ�8=]� +����<��j ;��j��r�Fe���1��ڼ[�3��Ж��㻲���]u0�7&v�]Mk���N���T@R{��o~�36/Wn~j 2�� �f��K�n!+�vEA�hST'FQ��ii�5{�Di>���o�����,�W�C"Q�I�86�-r{�Q���A�ʳc�� y�� ���S�Ƭ�{�oPA�H�����ᴏ�ՠ�ZXѲB���e��!�����6K{vG�@����V�M�J�~����lhV�fi�B���Yc�� #�K�&�<4TZU���V��J$[��#�5eZ�x�W��PW��-��k�p�����b�L3�$��* �-G+�j4�D�O����4�lL�����:��Li��<�y��qT�x��zp5�Q�hzD��F�#�<��2��� �� Bʭm^�������MfQ�o):�A=K��y��&�B�Dڒa�)�ͷ�}�(*o���Oj3 ��4�.�܍... ҏ�J]�Ŕ�F�k�?�=u(��Q �# [�I`�亏f��ߟ� J�59����3�|�pX��t����H,]F��ur�3/d�m���%�78�����?]��t������Kg�*; á�~��K�Zej�s8�t��~J����M�y�۟�<\��A��I�.�9��c���q1b`��ɤ��~:У�����o�F��" �z��w���!��ވ��鑼��{����#t1��ԭ����X(Y��A\D��D�Sy�P��e�VT��" V�[���]⁍{��ȧ�mоmV��:c��9����>�ΰ����}�����9�ᨩAs��4 �oc��w�b3 >9�'a8���| �i���I�?4z����:���מp�zR�d2�W�{���Ǽ ���o�}�������� ދ�u�or����۫ *�.� ��L0S*"5!��lr���$�6�4-;W�^�w���i'�x�ة��c����!�%�.Ir"WUBo$������Fb�~㏍��>�90 �<��뷣Iȶ�/RC��� ŏ@r/�5 �d��P�Pв�$;'r2�ˢ,�� ��0� � 8e��w�v7w_*z(*=]TR�R�,�&:�':�sك=����s+Kʲ"�����*��B��,�/L���I��c�d��J������C�|��� �=H�o?�q�q�n��,�;x�(��ՊS pUn���E4R�8���t1Y0� H0�0pUOJ�:I����m���t2�*�1����uG�0�9�M�n9bS���67-V�����I@1!�GMZ\s���\mښ��>I�/e{cP2c�>��]�]� $��cw�d�,��;U�R�VHa���pRW�Jv���c"ih�j�K���jC(�Yk�؎f�߽�т���qV͘�v��V������C~��.?� � �������(�%<^�XJ�SC�%��c�6�8��wg_ξ���~���󝝋{�\�k�5ѹ�k�f�jC��2���@� �������F[�ZTUh�LL�� M�� �L-�Elt�AA �H�� ����lH��c��w��<����*�a�\JA|��t)(�+�`%�Y"�!�P[��w$5l�3��h&�ӂ,�:ܡC;�®�C4�x�w��s���Xp�e�[ ��c��/Əg��}���AJŲ�Eϋ�:����yh��B�Y�wmkؽ�� �{.xߋ�}`����^�^��!q~8J�p��7c<��K,���~m��чh����dل:�MK���v�[���,ȕt�V��w ��K�... | 8� �w\ě��#q�� %���'�Z�8-,�,� ;�^���e�kP�K�G�(�B�� ��e�������AN�._�J���Gד�,T �6�6Ԧ���W̠Zt�:��@ѠzL�fC5��n�y!�����rS�G&fN�ib���͝�}��*��7L�J�����G�.���k�N��������::7>����=Ɖ��3��c�/���]�w|�}���3�/��@�pG WŔ�g D� $Ц����H�PU$�h�� 5$U�*5RP�GS��HEQKu-My��w�Y;TeO�ߌ�4Z�|�����ڧ�MKR�x\f���!� p�*��(o�C���3�|M�#{)�%�n������z���:� �?2�a��"�b��hd���U��U")�o�:�^Ti�0��`���a�ǃ�ɸ��%j\� ��`�� �/�������W ���Mc�QR�K�`��%)#?T���A >�������6~��M��N��8�H���E~����H��Y`�{w�E� �⡮В3:��Ӷz�O�?�TG�J�d�X�"VV��>8냸س��d#5��lԑJ�4�� ::� ��ժ�G����a���s��9��A{��>G��#|�1%&��9 p2Gq��6�l��v�����-�'�TW�6��na>�UƔ ��s�r�m6ek(#]1��xc�E�b����f�������ċ"-�������`���H��{W��L{܏�<����6A��/)�;���$2�V�o�zo���?��ٻ��/te�{�9q;��Oؼao�P�gl�7���A ���ueK5G��Vg��^aO���QO�" ���ޮ k%@��� dZf|��F]}H���htT_Ů ?nme7���[�[�u����|xOt���ڕܙ=P8�|��|&^��7�7���\� r<'22�0V�0VXS@H�Ê���̣ �*c�0�t�,�*��Q@W����(�3�4�T�ϞVh wA;�O!�K:��0Jj%U��jd���ҫYS�P�J��2CSL g�a8�O¿'�$���EN�o���\6Ӄ.GS�/���0���������B̙�F&�cƀ< �)ot�a�v_h������հ8��b�~z/�~7�ƅc ��t�i��8 �M���g��N{�k�<_��>H_�wJ_�g��'�vr����w��~+�o��郑B�3�6�ƣ��?r�b:�V�yn����Ӵ�GG�rl����t����0�Ϲ�[/c����Ցl�uD�mr�... `]&��b]�%����Va��1|&� �$c<߿�:CN?�����h���%��v�ȹ�s1^�����`O��n�C{*�A�f�˻�Q0{fB�y�6���|�Y x0��� �: y��S�k�o� r��i���_,X'���x�l�V{X�X���Q�& ��W;q�zR0?�v�*2�p���T�D.�{��<�kT�} I\�� ������Fc<��ǚi�����Q�k�m�{̅&j�{���}�b��� ��vr�m��������LJX3��ܒ�j�_������1n=�[ ,ǽ*��^$�`?έ0y�s/~�����(G(j�8l�� y �-�z�I Μ�~󃹁���L�x���X�g���aB-�0���)�/�Y�/��#s�9cI���1:���7���mi>� �n��|�K�� �,�>��|���ɨ��������>�R)�}���/�l�~�F�9[? ݿN D�i-4Y,�Z�eğϸ.��%���wH����\��w>`�RV�:�u�2Ot�s���K�](c�=�c��(�v�����cɈ��w���lǨ���.�N��a���FZ���BGP9�hQN��?�ֈ0|=Le�1!�°S��ӿ εP��S�t���}e�?�-����CΎ���87����:� �\�������)�1eoTR!��Ϝ8F3��j񲀊 gZ�����9&?��e�4s ��d�S|�n�����8Fr��g������i?��G�;�7��Y@(��z3� �e�mJV7��4H�Q�v�4m�&��(�d�k%��Kb;b�^�C�Y�$�� �����y�� �lOS��O�e����8_A��7�d���2��2�q��C'�CP�\Ӊ��M�|i�:ʑv�O���Y����#r�'�d{��>g�hn��gv�x�$���7C� =���� f�Vӊ���s�3g�"��jGQ9�$�;ɩ��p���œ�y�4� ���2��"V�#��T/� ���7i:C��O�B|�@�_Gz&l�@��׳���x��O8Oq���2��� �_H8���i�Zpt�cr��B�u$׍%@2�\:��w̱��T��+�����^Tlj���˨H{��#�����4I]I�4A$�6�D�4A� �6�`t�4������{�0�1��<،�#�~��h���7��W�Bv�b�`ک�D;u7mQW{��� ��1�<�[�u�0��?"��N��g����g�r�)3�a�?yQ���c��m�����>�$�Z��}�Q�� ��A��� t�S@�(�-vћ������PO�B���pњ�g��X����}[ �3�"�$���($G�c�dh�!>z�ցx ��׷�i�XC#�zҾL�����1|7w�[p�����u�����5i�#4Zr� <�n�QN�2�/�M� �h��Ҟ����w��69�~��x�y�8ڕ ���_�ǹ���{ ��"��}�& 3t�Xѝ���~(;Ո�r��>bH1C]������7 4D�ɀms��I�z �G�s�r�=��.d�j�W��c�<�}��į�_ޣ���2�g�9?fŒ����Ƙ/:�� 𝷀s����w�s��U� ��aԪ���TE��ѭ7�>�@�3��CA��B� (��>�)�À���J�H���~���\d.�=���IE{ο|؎���f`$���L���r��8��w�9���@A�Հ<A�ʔ"[��$H �� *2�j��:V�L�3V�RJuZ���2���������R;E��N�����=�7ד�D�ޙ�|w���v����w ���m�����롉��Y��G`���k�2z�G��h��v��s�����3���!��^չ��5���̺�D;֬��7��s�����,�'� Z�...

��4�fK��R�"E�y(ﲐ� �|��yB�/ ���H�ݱ���e�uH���(���y�n�����V� l ��w�v ��jJF"p rL��Zq������p�9�r�!����%�lLP�z�BV���B]�&{-�Ʊ����Ã�.��͐V���*�⍩5�"$=osV ��P����W�5�� &:�_��4���VR^h�e�������:]�Ҵk��@<��q!`�}�,��$�ڞ6�����6o2vdc�Z6�M  Z(P���4-ahH�^3�vz���2���3�9�=�|�G`���R����,��)�7���nN]=Bl:/����5@�I �l!�ފ�MG�$ӕc�Tm����2�ڬ���Ģ��Z��`��X�� �<��v�� ͢�4�]񸂻� }!�q;����G.�%�ţ}��n�6�G� ���8m�N��m�[[ E�[w*�|m�N�w���vu��xW��3��cS��o6x��I,��=GO_8=9= R�g����s���)��@Y:�F�4G�V��/� ������Γ��Z"��6�72����L�"�n�f���m�q�э�� X�S �n������;D�H�%`uS.��n.OG��}n����үP)L&%4kUf5�k|%t��������fm���t}ZGX��*˫�IIDUS���e5�u�9��^T&� ��q8�mi&*�y���Cq|�{=^�Q��k�e���^���L���1{�����{���������Q��~[�J�&���ΐ�L&�hZMM�ę��Ix����n�s�dQY)][L5H��u64}9��Ͳ8-X�{�������X���F �-9���8(�� ~�n\!g�K��t����(�ޭ�[�P��_�� c�/��<�ܬeHm�q���.̦�@�Χt�*q�Y�;Y0 �z%�##���[������(P���8�٥�v�]�rZ����i+�P*�"����~��_�+ľ{ '���?��2i��H�+��G���~�J��5�z?M���*��=w�Z|�G�A�HEb9h�ϧ��ⶹ\�I�Lh|�;M���&l��[� # ŕM���J'L{����C�ڇ�c��P�� �_�s.��\�]��箟���U+�H��B �]��������X�ߌ�Z~�4��$a7=1d��m*Rl9Fe ��qP!"��7ꕼ�w���x�> L���X����u,m�2�3 z��... �I���t��2x@l�#<����)�a ���C3�����`�U@Jx�ß� ^�?��io�y�ׅ�p�����[�������W}CȄF�B?e߲n*4%���{�.Oa�2�ZL^G#�������vЇ endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream 2018-01-07T19:53:03-05:00 2018-01-07T19:52:34-05:00 2018-01-07T19:53:03-05:00 application/pdf uuid:e6e7f213-88f5-4a3b-9bf8-300a991a72d2 uuid:5aad0425-bfb2-4fcc-ba37-805229674708 endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream hޔ���0 D���q*U]Y�� 1T"B,�h;���>脄X|����̉<1o(j���J��I���q��|�H��]N�a�y�-hZ�E�n��g� �<��zş+Q�m��&Ly� ��� ����F�!A���8N�S����`�V� endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream h�242T0P���w.JM,���sI,I�p�220�00407�4526�50U70P����O�T`l`... f/���縉P����{,V��P���6� `�=`�� g�Ev�md(} f�\˸g3X6��1s;�������Op�$�����l^)3��`��˂�3.��M�X�@$5���l$��� ��6C endstream endobj startxref 116 %%EOF Learn about 10 instructional practices for English language learners (ELLs) that research shows to be highly effective. These guidelines emphasize an asset-based approach to teaching ELLs and can be integrated into your regular teaching routines. Download the PDF version of this article › (opens in a new window)

Having an asset-based perspective, rather than being deficit-focused, is the underlying foundation for effectively teaching English language learners (ELLs). Educators must hold an inherent belief that all students bring a richness of cultural and linguistic backgrounds and experiences to the learning environment. Teaching ELLs is the responsibility of all teachers. With some adaptations to regular teaching routines, as described in the recommendations below, all teachers are capable of providing high-quality instruction that leads to ELLs achieving rigorous standards. ELLs vary considerably in factors that significantly affect learning. These factors include language and literacy proficiency in students’ native languages and in English.

People Also Search

As Classrooms Across The United States Continue To Change, It

As classrooms across the United States continue to change, it is critical that educators are able to successfully address the unique language and learning needs of English learners (ELs) and provide efficient and high-quality... This brief describes some best practices that educators can use in their classrooms to help ELs acquire the language and literacy skills needed to succeed academically. Di...

Core Classroom Teaching Should Be Explicit, Systematic, And Differentiated For

Core classroom teaching should be explicit, systematic, and differentiated for students’ language and learning needs. It is important to provide extensive and varied vocabulary instruction to ELs. Research suggests that you carefully choose a set of academic vocabulary words to teach intensively across several days using a variety of instructional activities (Baker et al., 2014). An academic vocab...

Find A Short, Interesting Piece Of Text With The Words

Find a short, interesting piece of text with the words that you want to focus on. Select a text that is motivating to students and carries content-rich material that will allow you to provide deep instruction and vocabulary. This articles outlines three key strategies for expanding ELLs' mastery of academic language, along with examples and step-by-step explanations. "The limits of my language mea...

In College I Enrolled At A University In Spain —

In college I enrolled at a university in Spain — all courses were taught in Spanish. My comprehension of my courses went something like this… (translated into English and the accompanying gibberish I heard.) In today’s interconnected world, the demand for English language proficiency continues to grow, especially within academic contexts. As students pursue higher education across borders, the nee...

Unlike General English Teaching, Which Aims To Develop Overall Language

Unlike general English teaching, which aims to develop overall language skills for everyday communication, EAP hones in on the precise skills required for success in an academic environment, including advanced reading, writing, listening, and... EAP programs are particularly significant in today’s globalized education landscape, where English has emerged as the lingua franca of academia. A student...