University of Kwazulu-Natal

Quantum Computing How Far Are We From The Quantum Dream

Bonisiwe Shabane
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quantum computing how far are we from the quantum dream

In 2025, governments and technology companies continue to invest heavily in quantum computing, motivated by the vision of building machines capable of processing problems far beyond the reach of classical computers. From drug development to clean energy optimization, the promise of quantum computing lies in solving complex, multi-dimensional problems at unprecedented speeds. Tech giants like Google, Microsoft, and IBM, as well as governmental initiatives, are channeling significant resources into quantum hardware and algorithm research. Yet, while the progress is impressive, practical, everyday applications for the general public remain elusive. The challenge lies in the inherent complexity of quantum mechanics. Unlike traditional computers operating in binary states, quantum computers leverage qubits, which exist in superposition—a combination of multiple states simultaneously.

This ability to represent a range of possibilities enables quantum computers to simulate complex natural processes more effectively than classical machines. To understand the power of quantum computing, one must grasp the principle of superposition. Classical computers process information in a binary fashion—zeroes and ones, on and off. In contrast, qubits can represent zero and one simultaneously, existing in a probabilistic state until measured. This characteristic allows quantum computers to evaluate multiple solutions concurrently, simulating complex molecular interactions and probabilistic systems found in nature. Educators like Dominic Walliman have used simplified analogies to illustrate this concept: envisioning a particle spinning in both directions at once, creating a cloud of probabilities rather than a fixed state.

This visualization underscores why quantum systems have the theoretical potential to outperform classical systems in certain computations, especially those involving intricate variables, such as chemical reactions or material simulations. One of the landmark milestones in quantum computing is quantum supremacy, a term describing when a quantum computer performs a calculation that a classical computer cannot complete in a feasible time frame. Google achieved this in 2019 with its Sycamore processor, which solved a complex random circuit sampling benchmark in minutes—a task that would take the world’s fastest classical supercomputer thousands of years. Quantum computing has long been hailed as the next great technological revolution. It promises to solve problems that are currently impossible for even the fastest supercomputers, from simulating complex molecules for drug discovery to optimizing massive logistics networks to breaking cryptographic codes that safeguard global communication. The hype is enormous, but so are the challenges.

Despite billions of dollars in investment, the world is still asking: How close are we to the big breakthrough in quantum computing? This article explores the science behind quantum computing, the current state of the technology, the challenges that remain, and what milestones indicate we may be inching toward—or perhaps still far from—this breakthrough moment. Classical computers rely on bits—tiny switches that can be either a 0 or 1. Quantum computers, on the other hand, use qubits (quantum bits), which leverage the principles of quantum mechanics: These properties allow quantum computers to explore vast numbers of possibilities in parallel, theoretically solving certain types of problems exponentially faster than classical computers. Despite incredible theoretical potential, practical quantum computing is still in its infancy.

Here’s a look at where we stand today: Bernard Marr is a world-renowned futurist, influencer and thought leader in the fields of business and technology, with a passion for using technology for the good of humanity. He is a best-selling and award-winning author of over 20 books, writes a regular column for Forbes and advises and coaches many of the world’s best-known organisations. He has a combined following of 5 million people across his social media channels and newsletters and was ranked by LinkedIn as one of the top 5 business influencers in the world. Bernard Marr ist ein weltbekannter Futurist, Influencer und Vordenker in den Bereichen Wirtschaft und Technologie mit einer Leidenschaft für den Einsatz von Technologie zum Wohle der Menschheit. Er ist Bestsellerautor von 20 Büchern, schreibt eine regelmäßige Kolumne für Forbes und berät und coacht viele der weltweit bekanntesten Organisationen.

Er hat über 2 Millionen Social-Media-Follower, 1 Million Newsletter-Abonnenten und wurde von LinkedIn als einer der Top-5-Business-Influencer der Welt und von Xing als Top Mind 2021 ausgezeichnet. Bernards neueste Bücher sind ‘Künstliche Intelligenz im Unternehmen: Innovative Anwendungen in 50 Erfolgreichen Unternehmen’ Quantum computing might seem like “just another” new technology, like the internet, cloud computing and AI. In fact, it’s something rather different – more similar to the leap forward from the earliest valve-based computers to modern transistors and microprocessors. Imagine a computer that could solve incredibly complex problems at a speed we can't yet fathom and bring about breakthroughs in fields like drug development or clean energy. That is widely considered the promise of quantum computing.

In 2025, tech companies poured money into this field. The Trump administration also named quantum computing as a priority. But when will this technology actually deliver something useful for regular people? NPR's Katia Riddle reports on the difference between quantum hype and quantum reality. KATIA RIDDLE, BYLINE: Tech companies like Google and Microsoft, as well as the U.S. government, bet big on quantum computing in 2025.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: Google Quantum AI is unveiling the first demonstration of verifiable quantum advantage. PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: Joining forces on quantum computing. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: Creating an entirely new architecture for quantum computing. Richard Feynman, the iconic physicist and one of the progenitors of quantum computing, famously said in 1981: “Nature isn’t classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make... And by golly, it’s a wonderful problem, because it doesn’t look so easy.” More than forty years later, his words remain true, but we are making tremendous progress in realizing his vision. By clicking submit, you agree to our <a href="http://observermedia.com/terms">terms of service</a> and acknowledge we may use your information to send you emails, product samples, and promotions on this website and other properties.

You can opt out anytime. For decades, conventional computing has driven technological progress. As we reach the physical limits of transistors and the end of Moore’s law, quantum computing is emerging as a promising next chapter. By leveraging quantum mechanical principles, such as superposition, entanglement and interference, to perform computations that are intractable for classical machines.. This shift isn’t just theoretical—it holds immense promise. Unlocking the potential of quantum computing is now a global effort, with governments, enterprises and researchers collectively investing resources with the goal of discovering breakthroughs in materials science, drug discovery, finance and beyond.

Quantum computing has the potential to disrupt many of the existing solutions in computer science, while making many of them incredibly faster and better. Much attention has been given to quantum computing’s impact on cryptography, as it threatens existing data encryption systems. This has led to significant research in the field and is a well-founded concern, but it’s just one part of a broader transformation. Dr. Nasser F BinDhim Sep 30, 2025 0 13906 Join our subscribers list to get the latest news, updates and special offers directly in your inbox

As of late 2024, quantum computing stands at the precipice of transformative advancements, promising to reshape industries and address complex challenges previously deemed intractable by classical computing. This rapidly evolving field is characterized by significant improvements in quantum hardware and software, including enhanced qubit fidelity and the development of more effective quantum algorithms. With notable achievements such as IBM's 1121-qubit 'Condor' processor and the ongoing exploration of various qubit technologies, researchers and companies are racing towards achieving practical quantum advantage and wider commercial accessibility through cloud services... The significance of quantum computing extends beyond technological innovation; it poses considerable implications for cybersecurity, cryptography, and optimization. As traditional encryption methods face threats from quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm, the industry is responding with the development of quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions and enhanced data security measures. The integration of quantum computing with artificial intelligence further amplifies its potential, fostering advancements in machine learning, healthcare, and material science.

However, challenges such as scalability, error correction, and security concerns persist, requiring ongoing research and collaboration across academia, industry, and government to fully realize quantum computing's promise. The landscape of quantum computing is also witnessing a notable shift towards increased accountability and transparency, driven by public commitments from companies to meet specific performance targets and milestones. As stakeholders assess progress based on quantifiable metrics, the industry is expected to experience consolidation and enhanced collaboration. Countries like the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom are intensifying their efforts to harness quantum technologies for pressing public sector challenges, with an eye towards sustainability and practical applications across diverse fields.

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