University of Kwazulu-Natal

Pdf The Westphalian Principles Dead Of Transformed And Adapted To Ijhs

Bonisiwe Shabane
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pdf the westphalian principles dead of transformed and adapted to ijhs

The Westphalian principles of international relations, such as state sovereignty, territorial integrity and equality, as well as principle of political self-determination, have been first formulated in 1948 in a series of treaties that ended... The Westphalian principles were also use used as guidelines for creation of the League of Nations after the first world war and were part of W.Wilson's vision of the new just world order of... The most recent interpretation of Westphalia principles was institutionalized in the United Nations Charter that set up legal framework for international relations after the Second World War. After the cold war, competing with the UN global governance projects, based on European regional organizations, such as the EU and NATO are criticizing the Westphalia principles, along with the UN Security Council, for... Abstract The concept of Liberal Internationalization has significantly shaped global governance since the end of the Cold War, promoting the spread of democratic values and economic liberalization. However, I argue that this approach has inherent flaws, particularly when applied to diverse geopolitical contexts.

Through an analysis of case studies from the Middle East, Africa, and Eastern Europe, this paper demonstrates the negative consequences of enforcing a uniform political and economic model. It highlights the resultant socio-political instability, cultural erosion, and resistance. To address these issues, I propose a revival of the principles of the Treaty of Westphalia, emphasizing state sovereignty and non-interference as the foundation for a more equitable global order. This new framework would accommodate diverse political systems and cultural contexts, fostering a more stable and cooperative international community. The review is devoted to the analysis of scientific work of Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, The Making of Global International Relations. Origins and Evolution of IR at its Centenary (Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 383 p.).

Structurally, the work consists of an introduction and ten sections. Well-known Western theorists of international relations gave their vision of the evolution of the Westphalian world order during the twentieth century. They also revealed the reasons and nature of the transition of the world order to Post-Westphalian international relations after 1989 and substantiated the causes, principles and effects of the emergence and development of knowledge... Based on the study and critical rethinking of the theory and practice of international relations of the XX – early XXI century (until 2017/2018) the authors singled out several meaningful blocks. This grouping allowed us to state the modernization of the Westp... European Journal of International Relations, 2014

The most recent transformation of world order is often depicted as a shift from a Westphalian to a post-Westphalian era in which international organizations are becoming increasingly independent sites of authority. This internationalization of authority is often considered as an indication of the constitutionalization of the global legal order. However, this article highlights that international organizations can also exercise authority in an authoritarian fashion that violates the same constitutionalist principles of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law that international organizations are... It is thus an open question which post-Westphalia we are in fact heading to: a constitutionalized order, an authoritarian order, or a combination of both? Based on a conceptualization of post-Westphalian orders as a two-dimensional continuum linking the ideal-typical end points of constitutionalism and authoritarianism, we analyze the United Nations security s... 2018, How important were the Treaties of Westphalia to the development of the modern international system?

How important were the Treaties of Westphalia to the development of the modern international system? Speakers and scholars alike often invoke the name of Westphalia as an assumed turning point in international relations and political structure. David Broucher says that the Peace of Westphalia "provided the foundation for, and gave formal recognition to, the modern state 1 The Westphalian principles of international relations, such as state sovereignty, territorial integrity and equality, as well as principle of political self-determination, have been first formulated in 1948 in a series of treaties that ended... The Westphalian principles were also use used as guidelines for creation of the League of Nations after the first world war and were part of W.Wilson's vision of the new just world order of... The most recent interpretation of Westphalia principles was institutionalized in the United Nations Charter that set up legal framework for international relations after the Second World War.

After the cold war, competing with the UN global governance projects, based on European regional organizations, such as the EU and NATO are criticizing the Westphalia principles, along with the UN Security Council, for... This article explores the structure of world order from the perspective of the Treaty of Westphalia, which is treated as the benchmark for the emergence of the modern system of sovereign states. Emphasis is placed on Westphalia as historical event, idea and ideal, and process of evolution, and also on developments that supersede this framing of world politics, especially, globalization and the megaterrorist challenge of September... At issue is whether the state system is resilient enough to adapt to new global conditions or is in the process of being supplanted, and whether the sequel to Westphalia is moving toward humane... A Latin phrase that literally means “Whose realm, his religion,” meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled. At the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 the rulers of the German-speaking states and Charles V, the emperor, agreed to accept this principle.

A revolt, known also as the Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648), of the Seventeen Provinces against the political and religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands. A series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. Initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire, it gradually developed into a more general conflict involving most of the great powers. A series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. The treaties ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch... The principle of international law that each nation-state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country’s domestic affairs, and...

The doctrine is named after the Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648. The Westphalian system, also known as Westphalian sovereignty, is a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory. The principle developed in Europe after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, based on the state theory of Jean Bodin and the natural law teachings of Hugo Grotius. It underlies the modern international system of sovereign states and is enshrined in the United Nations Charter, which states that "nothing ... shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state."[1] According to the principle, every state, no matter how large or small, has an equal right to sovereignty.[2] Political scientists have traced the concept to the eponymous peace treaties that ended the Thirty Years'...

The principle of non-interference was further developed in the 18th century. The Westphalian system reached its peak in the 19th and 20th centuries, but has faced recent challenges from advocates of humanitarian intervention.[3] A series of treaties made up the Peace of Westphalia, which has been considered by political scientists to be the beginning of the modern international system,[4][5][6][7] in which external powers should avoid interfering in... The then-emerging Reformation had undermined this as Protestant-controlled states were less willing to respect the "supra authority" of both the Catholic Church and the Catholic Habsburg-led Emperor. Recent scholarship has argued that the titular Westphalian treaties in 1648 actually had little to do with the principles with which they are often associated: sovereignty, non-intervention, and the legal equality of states. For example, Andreas Osiander writes that "the treaties confirm neither [France's or Sweden's] 'sovereignty' nor anybody else's; least of all do they contain anything about sovereignty as a principle."[9] Political scientists like Hall Gardner...

Yet others, often post-colonialist scholars, point out the limited relevance of the 1648 system to the histories and state systems in the non-Western world.[12] Nonetheless, "Westphalian sovereignty" continues to be used as a shorthand... The applicability and relevance of these principles have been questioned since the mid-20th century onward from a variety of viewpoints. Much of the debate has turned on the ideas of internationalism and globalization, which some say conflicts with the doctrine of the two swords ideal of self-sovereignty.[13][14][15] The origins of Westphalian sovereignty have been traced in the scholarly literature to the eponymous Peace of Westphalia (1648). The peace treaties put an end to the Thirty Years' War, a war of religion that devastated Germany and killed 30% of its population. Since neither the Catholics nor the Protestants had won a clear victory, the peace settlement established a status quo order in which states would refrain from interfering in each other's religious practices.[8] Henry Kissinger...

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