University of Kwazulu-Natal

Pdf The Truth Crisis Ai And Disinformation Symbio6 Nl

Bonisiwe Shabane
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pdf the truth crisis ai and disinformation symbio6 nl

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 November 2021 Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are playing an overarching role in the disinformation phenomenon our world is currently facing. Such systems boost the problem not only by increasing opportunities to create realistic AI-generated fake content, but also, and essentially, by facilitating the dissemination of disinformation to a targeted audience and at scale by... This situation entails multiple ethical and human rights concerns, in particular regarding human dignity, autonomy, democracy, and peace. In reaction, other AI systems are developed to detect and moderate disinformation online. Such systems do not escape from ethical and human rights concerns either, especially regarding freedom of expression and information.

Having originally started with ascending co-regulation, the European Union (EU) is now heading toward descending co-regulation of the phenomenon. In particular, the Digital Services Act proposal provides for transparency obligations and external audit for very large online platforms’ recommender systems and content moderation. While with this proposal, the Commission focusses on the regulation of content considered as problematic, the EU Parliament and the EU Council call for enhancing access to trustworthy content. In light of our study, we stress that the disinformation problem is mainly caused by the business model of the web that is based on advertising revenues, and that adapting this model would reduce... We also observe that while AI systems are inappropriate to moderate disinformation content online, and even to detect such content, they may be more appropriate to counter the manipulation of the digital ecosystem. This study aims at identifying the right approach to tackle the disinformation problem online with due consideration for ethical values, fundamental rights and freedoms, and democracy.

While moderating content as such and using AI systems to that end may be particularly problematic regarding freedom of expression and information, we recommend countering the malicious use of technologies online to manipulate individuals. As considering the main cause of the effective manipulation of individuals online is paramount, the business model of the web should be on the radar screen of public regulation more than content moderation. Furthermore, we do support a vibrant, independent, and pluralistic media landscape with investigative journalists following ethical rules. Manipulation of truth is a recurring phenomenon throughout history.Footnote 1 Damnatio memoriae, namely the attempted erasure of people from history, is an example of purposive distortion of reality that was already practiced in Ancient... Nevertheless, owing to the rapid advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) as well as their increasing pervasiveness, disingenuous information can now be produced easily and in a realistic format, and its dissemination to... The consequences are serious with far-reaching implications.

For instance, the media ecosystem has been leveraged to influence citizens’ opinion and voting decisions related to the 2016 US presidential electionFootnote 2 and the 2016 UK referendum on leaving the European Union (EU)... In Myanmar, Facebook has been a useful instrument for those seeking to spread hate against Rohingya Muslims (Human Rights Council, 2018, para 74).Footnote 3 In India, rumors on WhatsApp resulted in several murders (Dixit... In France, a virulent online campaign on social media against a professor ended up with him being murdered (Bindner and Gluck, Reference Bindner and Gluck2020). Conspiracy theories are currently prospering.Footnote 4 And presently in the context of the Covid-19, we are facing what has been called an infodemic Footnote 5 by the World Health Organization (WHO), with multiple adverse... As commonly understood, disinformation is false, inaccurate or misleading information that is shared with the intent to deceive the recipient,Footnote 6 as opposed to misinformation that refers to false, inaccurate, or misleading information that... Whereas new digital technology and social media have amplified the creation and spread of both mis- and disinformation, only disinformation has been considered by the EU institutions as a threat that must be tackled...

The disinformation problem is particular in the sense that, firstly, the shared information is intentionally deceptive to manipulate people and, secondly, for achieving his or her goal, its author takes benefit from the modern... For these reasons, our analysis stays on the beaten path, hence the title of this article referring solely to the disinformation problem. It is also worth specifying that unlike “fake news,” a term that has been used by politicians and their supporters to dismiss coverage that they find disagreeable, the disinformation problem encompasses various fabricated information... Explore our collection of white papers on Artificial Intelligence, featuring comprehensive analyses, strategic insights, and practical guidance developed by our experts. Our latest research provides the knowledge and tools your organisation needs to effectively navigate and capitalise on the rapidly evolving AI landscape. This white paper examines AI's transformative impact on society, highlighting both its potential and risks.

It emphasises the importance of AI literacy, ethical frameworks, and strong governance for responsible use. Explore the detail-download our white paper (PDF) AI is fuelling a trust crisis by spreading deepfakes and fake news, threatening elections and media credibility. Fact-checking alone isn't enough-solutions require AI detection, public education, and strong regulations. Download our white paper (PDF) to learn more.

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Published Online By Cambridge University Press: 25 November 2021 Artificial

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 November 2021 Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are playing an overarching role in the disinformation phenomenon our world is currently facing. Such systems boost the problem not only by increasing opportunities to create realistic AI-generated fake content, but also, and essentially, by facilitating the dissemination of disinformation to a tar...

Having Originally Started With Ascending Co-regulation, The European Union (EU)

Having originally started with ascending co-regulation, the European Union (EU) is now heading toward descending co-regulation of the phenomenon. In particular, the Digital Services Act proposal provides for transparency obligations and external audit for very large online platforms’ recommender systems and content moderation. While with this proposal, the Commission focusses on the regulation of ...

While Moderating Content As Such And Using AI Systems To

While moderating content as such and using AI systems to that end may be particularly problematic regarding freedom of expression and information, we recommend countering the malicious use of technologies online to manipulate individuals. As considering the main cause of the effective manipulation of individuals online is paramount, the business model of the web should be on the radar screen of pu...

For Instance, The Media Ecosystem Has Been Leveraged To Influence

For instance, the media ecosystem has been leveraged to influence citizens’ opinion and voting decisions related to the 2016 US presidential electionFootnote 2 and the 2016 UK referendum on leaving the European Union (EU)... In Myanmar, Facebook has been a useful instrument for those seeking to spread hate against Rohingya Muslims (Human Rights Council, 2018, para 74).Footnote 3 In India, rumors o...

The Disinformation Problem Is Particular In The Sense That, Firstly,

The disinformation problem is particular in the sense that, firstly, the shared information is intentionally deceptive to manipulate people and, secondly, for achieving his or her goal, its author takes benefit from the modern... For these reasons, our analysis stays on the beaten path, hence the title of this article referring solely to the disinformation problem. It is also worth specifying that...