Pdf Challenges Of Teaching English As A Second Language Esl
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The study examined the challenges of teaching English as a second language (ESL). It further determined whether the participants are native speakers of English, and the challenges they face while teaching English. Purposive sampling was used to interview 800 English teachers in senior high schools in the Sunyani Municipality in the Bono region of Ghana for data. It was revealed among other things that 100% of the participants said that they are not native speakers of English.
It was also shown that 49% of the participants as the majority confirmed that lack of enough professional training makes non-native English-speaking teachers struggle with teaching approaches in class. Consequently, it was recommended among other things the Ghana Education Service (GES) should try to recruit native English-speaking teachers to shore up effective teaching and learning of English in Ghanaian schools. The study reveals that 96% of respondents noted significant challenges for non-native teachers, including lack of sufficient professional training affecting instructional methods and classroom management. According to 32.1% of teachers surveyed, large class sizes impede effective English teaching; classes often exceed the typical 30-student limit, leading to increased discipline issues and limited personalized instruction. ⻒c,Ā��ë���I���O��}�y�GU'}��8����|f�gy '��)�K�b� endstream endobj 52 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 53 0 obj <>stream H��W[��� ~����R)�ѽ�ٳmS�=8����c˗[�������%�q��w7Ƀ/s%����y�\������`2c�u�x�\fƚ�v��YF֦5IF˭)�<- S�Uښ�i�1z���E�z��,��-�T�!��<�#v4�+��]dʬ��!���� �*��E&^~a��(����wi���fT��L�Zg��:7��b<��II��&���Ƀ�����lRP��D:��%Ks���~�n�U�Bβr.+ (a�[��&���&������q��E�7�f R� o���U�6K h��py�د�<"�]$Ky�2����+�H~:B�lj1R�-[�s��C�3�e,媏� �C�Ϥ�]����ZD��lxN�(K��|�TQ�Q�_�6g&�5�}�@��lN]1�8F�o�h���Q��Ң�|�v��k��/�@W�b� �U�W�j(5o�U��1^��JkSi]�l�n>�M���p�Ec�M�|1�{��Ö�%�;y¶�Y�<Z�tb��4\��״A����]�Jծ`%l'��;b��� ��"Z�EVcWS8�4��H`��OӾJ�����,��ʷ�sR}oX{j�x��6 �9A*�t���l�T��K��i�y���q%�58�94�v���&��Ha+*0Zo�6�|��8Qi�r���͍�H��#��a�}�ɖ���^-ܻ��4��F� ��A���πU6�X)=p�1Z��Y̅,(4k�b�� �r�����ak��Km9z6 l�S����y�N)�j��J(Fx㖭 Z2Jm{�\%� ��< [v �T uI��[=����*�{z���H[... ���HB�W��@��� �N��Gm���آ-F-qζ�S��r�.����f!��� Ϗ�I���lvU��d�3c'}���)�R��\٦*�t���� ����Z�~y�(y���M�3�,�$��O����'�7�L�F���L��W���2w,J�#�H�z[�uY��M�eH� ��a�8^SL 0��)��1e���J��1�������G�O��'Ă�.n�����F�nS�S0¦�)���#f�hQ�v��G#f���W=���#?8:�3Ţ.��^��,v��Yl�y"���O2�� {^XpU%Oq���؟0���b�.�g(� l����n�����⭤fɍĮ����D�r��c<+,�š?�_zL����s\ ��Ӌ=)�98x}���Ro������u � ���d���'�����Y�ڞ�"d�R a����b����8�Y��7W�gh�Z��\�[�% �ހ�� �Ŀ��!�8��� )��?+\�q������e�D�YSPY��䑐�<���hxC�Z� �R�Lv]y�����V�i|?˹l��<1���A�$��lR��'�S����](��� "�c�6�(R1 ���J��;�$�j�+�n˅ێk�1Ze��< �H����y4�E�Lٮk��^d�� D�}ց��3���!�ms2ʧ �B����"^|��.�q"^��X*#jH�/q�������2+^�!�K�a� ��4h�Ӗ�&�W�OZ��7���RĹ�08�������@ ����iƌ�j�����Ǫ<�� ��?�9$�C�|����j;�wq�9�E�ڛ�X�h��bY�TJ��a�G�K4�P��{�u�7���ET+4����-���n��w��f�S��4� B�{a��u�c���D� �ij���e�bO�T�C ��+KK�`Wܶw��S�e�4�LU�]��V���n e����W���6�\h?���SQf�8 �A�>�b�ǭ��3����k Hp!=�p�$F���9~���_,x͋�" ��KȨ�K2���c�?�u� ����W�d���n�Bk5�O��>���[E��:gm��j26搨"��R�a�Ҟ�E�`4�u>��u�SwhJbS�hi${>�}t]��i����::�n��_K�3Nk�u��<��,���I�]�e�%"�/J��e9i�r�\.�x�/�pP���Y��"���Q~�[�p{8_�W�w���2����H�-���TS��cI�}� �6Ŕ����p>�����`3�`��%��Ͷ��d(�|����'��� endstream...
b �v�Ʊl.`����KX��<�����oLX`���� R*l� ��>�J_�ވ�� D'�ܩ�����~@��}w��<1Q]����8$r��I@�wL욑�¶��%m��0Nޠ�xAo^��!���#~_� ��3b��^.cG���ʄ���H-0��*O4�m�i�aˡ{������B����[WR]Y^��Ⓐ�x�ZR�m�� >8�d���z���m�w��}*��R�%)�����^q��(d��ը�"���;3� �K�'����cvv�c�Ns�dx<����9qj��������Bocϋ6��"⭢��b�^�k=F�#�� �� +,م���[���2�5������cU$XT�BsS![ԗ^U��mѬ��$��'7N�R�Qs+�L�Ҳ�n})�� 3�Q04隃/�֨E=�� I��t�&g[ݳ�sv=��ə�މʝPܮӅ`��3NW��G�<,F���1�{, %�����ԝ�Z���a�ּ��Y�s��ҫz��:� ��݄JKݪ�%M06���P��[|��K�Zʱ��U�1j 0Ȩgq�_���5W:Eyyn��=��D�u�#߂�^�g>c�9�U�l0E\1�$��y�b�3ۑ��\�7���S��)�e(�f}�ԇ�Ϫ$�n@"�;�(�!X�cl�~%&��Ң=����s���d���)�~�E�#�f�3��"�ۦ� ���y^�)�����F�>&�4����6��f���]��)�Bd�y?u?���ڲ��δ1�"h�JJ� �%��#�Y�}�����[�o�o� _,���K�"w��Ռ@�mAϏ���2? _/���e�3y�C#��c��A�R�Y=�s+�\�y~pR���Aʶ��Gu�x��o�DqW��qF�e�{O�^H��#m�.��&����f,9��W���M����%��D��I�u�z����wT��|�'_�!�tz���ryFΙ3���ER0kS�0P�w�}ܵ �AA�e��Y�G�vq����8�T���_�!�A� G��!t/��$�� @��� A��6�=� ,�:tA�� '�/?��ƍ H�� ��} ��z���k5�~�֝���� j ]�����!�������plѿ�v�?�>�v뤥*�2�!�����m]|U2��Bxo��m`:��� U?&�h� �:jP�ޫ4� K�T�Ɨ���;��n� b�|�#�%ER���m2{�A��0�{�� * M�v���'v~Ԋy �A5#v��` D�X�j��!0�b��]F4B��%J.�%�-�ѭ@��F�'\�g"-j���ڿ�J=@-�\wR�l�9�)鿘$*��q�����_��y�r�i�1�|��jV���©�0�+=\h�;�f��t�?�Yx<|b�6ib����s��g�fo�jx%��ș�;�e��5����Ŕ��ԋu1�|#G�VW&�k@E68�W���t�u�M�*�cr*ck37�6��F��@�Ƣ�l����M��Z��Χ\�ǧ��*X���FVw��IV�t��#��Z��J$�~���nw ��|x����r�t�Φ�v�B� ��X�6��#��S�����栴l��&*� ��;qH''꣺��������V�+���|�[ﭷ�Q!**��`^��i��=�]���z�s�R��+���K�!Ń���u5�{bq7��Ã�ME(#hT۞Q���%Fc�F�,B�e�SK��3��yfd�7�G7�S���E�M�y�b��#�$���z�6vadb2�ȱ�BVu��t�s�Y ��G oYr���Xc�ȃX�D���\ ���#�#ܯD�CW2TC�5�m�u����t c;��rE���41=�O2�DN�k� f��I)kTQ_�Q���� D�imŧ��p �^O����;-*��B��ֳ�k�X���o�H(G��\��&�s�S����J8��5��9~�3/��>��W2�27O�O�٫5Ю�m�0^��x�CO��*���!*�?�s ' endstream endobj 57... /�5�߾� +]�;M�7@�_�>���4�+U+ ����pɾ_�6����lf�1�U۠���G]^�e�/�����5�=� �����D}Ȯ@8zA��#��� ��Tu��f���e�%Kt�x��l[{���j�nh�W}@�1Տ��Ҹ։MF�:��0��N%]�Q��Ĕ&��` >ҬU�{Uw:i~f3�vO�ews���1낌�9C�6��j���?bz�ˤo@��b��Y�f��!����~���8@��d��u��ہ �zP ��2F{�&��|]�Z�3xb�1����;��W��|�� +5��0�v`=����"��">=6�:�����<@qp������3�P�}Ez��D�A�CE�����B%��&ZX3�-˔0��'����;��������df�rf�� Zj�U pϪơ��j��W& ;c| -4�2���@�k���a-]�zD#]𥟹"W���5�k�` #�1�_;8��K�攡�P$Mӿ����:�������� ����f���@ �X�,�� _fx�����Ή���GHm�x�$��5.[�����Nj�,�(~DB:垯LG^�P�7��5+�"����Hj��g�N���O�]JL��'��!�K�"�� ���5�2v�ʚJ�q�~2��T��vY�z��#w�%��l�m��i"�C�I2u��% ݞ�PQ��< X��:�|�5��� p������ѡVo�Cg ~eW�W�]C�:�9��n�CU��,�<*Xy��r�8��X%� �} |�CY[�$�te��z��0Z�}���|�m�]#��.�#��¤��\��� nAD��.�zs��-��,0*�N����9k��3���Vٷ`�7H$mH�}�c��0�!�֥���-��ץ�����'��NT"h/i<�Ď��)jܸ��tx�t�i�I��u��d5���B����U؋�4�ߛ�e�-�I��9;�t�%t�����4��h�� Z��)��1����8�t�ҕ"G\�&0��K`]A�(}�zW��rr;y>CCBF��-z���]��sw/c�T�C���C�}%D@ ��D��7�n._﹕=�k�I��*;��$V����߰�1��\u �x��#k�"rt4&�-���n9E�n9& �L��Ʊ#=�8$S7�o c�dw�X������*w�K: �@ʆƵ�%�="�;a�u����5����*��l"��͙x�� ���VP�?����;�C���0�רZ�P�ڌKkD+ ԛ�e���M~1r !�w���^�uւ/t�l�s7h�PpAc�}M1������!����p�����... a>�2�3�Xن���݊��%�EU鸍�7��c�c��Ǽ�q잹g�d�+�(gε��5׳U�b;te�̙��-t ��$��A�ɸŀ��$�� l)�ݨ�+��:Y�f�$횦r��6�V�4M�"�`4 #W��0R | Z)M�H � kB�Xʌ.df��Q4 ��T�����>L��>�Lm��L[��N�9�^MP]���`�������A,=2(ۺiwǡF݇��fGG_�"}���I��|&EpE�A1�&o��YZ�� �HFM�����/r|���vxN��l�����"K2�?��Ϧd� T�"q�*��&����Q~6��b��ɴl�}̘�%]��t��ZmI ��~Q��6�8*˶W���0>hi����K$�+zB$v���� K��9ݾ���r�x�/�`�jZN J�iWWt�?P������� ���ra{���ϭ��?l�=6on����Y�>i�]�Y`78� ��mݞ��Z@(g����w�_:�����;�it���8�r���,C���U^����i���ȿ����P�2t#� ���C'v1�n�Ą9������\ s��u��k:��K�Z�׆���)0(67)�1%F�sV� ��!�͎�k�T����Uj�^��W+��� KLCJ F�~|�N�wC ��� ;Y������q�����N�u���^j�!�5@P �N�*qMz���E!>�^�l��� �� Ti��S�.��LYe *�@j�V�N~�*�p��q�v$hss�Y�0[F�Vһ��Cb@k�!y�px�$�\N�C�����,��wLQ0x#�Ӟ��^���Ʃ��Q��� ����h���U5�����>���ɇ�U�-�bHW�Ep����Y�I��T�c�ݢ�W|�nm�o���V#:E��n��3���8}��t$?X�1�'l�& S��!��"$U�0�����z#��1��n� )��$Eu �]��V�\.�N�t [Ub�֖�)mP_�Q�冤�I�������Y� �����Оe?�K��@�~��!�k��\�)��ߥ@���ֈ� rLqN��IY@��r"I�I�Hj��ڀ>we^�#�d=�$#Nclɐr\���'w9�����nF�$�H獡��/������)�KB��!F�������妵_��h�H|*��4���U��2Z�iu�a���-k�D�1��Q���)�+... d�İ�k5q⛴v@s\5``/jB�`�%�3%�C;��v0��Ք����C��hVzin1��˿���;�K��ũG@�s���� �Iy�Z�B�9�d���/W����A�oIY� �t�`p�ZǪ�����z|M�ה��>�b;>k���y��Mlc������q�A��|l�YU+��UF�u O���w�#:���u�&ӿY���9���y�}�w��q�@Z�U�u�֠�P@_��-+h�N�~�z{�nT^�y��1� 0�� endstream endobj 60 0 obj <>stream h�̔Mo�0 ��������Ok(����)ٰC��㨭7[ l��?* v�$��0^Q6��4e��(͌#1 ]Qˤ/�FKZ��5dk��S��j���yMϵb(D�д0�Qxrז!�p %�� T��1�I�Y�Y����t����h2�ӊ�]?�}�Oi܅��bb�8��$6������ ��z xII9H5Z ����a�K��]�s��cʋř+o�JTPzTK��a��S} ���>nᕎ+���<���2V߉��Z��cSV��Xs+�[�N2���J+ ��-�]�e��lt)�kpXN��i� j����u5(G�M�9��SW���ܟ�r�O_8ߥ���Q����6�R�.��ϗ��~\" �ւ�����~F���}�%G��si�f�Ɣ���<@�~Ub�|H�P���h�}3�b��P�ګ����6�K��ؼ�!�\u�%��i{���j�b7�q��K��4c��&������1�۾k�k��m��[>lV��� endstream endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 62... ����a*Ŏ�x+��<��YIy�C�`5�����%j��!h���l�_��#6߳�O[F(�W�����/�ڏ�X n:*\�f<�vY��S5Ӭx˺�����1D��� ۳���V�s�@} c�sG��s���gR���v$ʺ�x�J�p ��z�{�]�4�+�� "�㚺j��F�`�q��(��e�̚��M~�š�xE���m;�g O 7��'v�m@�T����ƛ �V�g�����S4����=�L3:�3��tu��*K~G�堘O�s{�Aƀs!ɩƲ���k�����YI�s`A����q��B<���A���;t]�e��A��v�M�틈��|��;�<�/�Yg�%�9����ݽ��@�hז5�N�w��NM.��p�S5�2!��\@T�k=A���@ ��\��:\�>�� b�V�1���8��Ҩ[���dԔ|�@Q���pӅN\�MvA#" �x����#�'� � �/���C@{4?��~S��7��:��'^(�,5�Xu7�A���_B�%������3�0�:9���h���H�9q��p$P��fn|�s[}%#�P�a���e���(�b�M�it�I����-���e;�������*�m�J.�]f�2����k��Xq�(?�@��o���)����FhA���DŻ9��A����$6 }Wu���{�W�����O)�Q�@qAd�܅!X�E$C��H�ݾsQ6��H � 1�<�&�P�� ��`���v�\8��{ԯt���o�m�A�m��4�.9� ��6'o6�q�e46ќ_�p���.�x�:6� �Y���K�o���cD>M����q��!]�b��ЖK8�`�ƹCL���v�ÒP��nM�Srf���0'�⎇�{�1�쿍B`�h�N���qmU����L�� �4%ġܞ�!D3 D�!����Ð�D�S|$}"��G��Ǹ�I�ӥGG�k�%O�2�T���r�m���{~� �i�+�E1i�6;�&����8�,@�]IN&���vn�h+/qL���Z� #�s�L{����r�cͭrFR)(t8�S�a2|�HA�� )y�� e��;�>�A�Q�a���J�q�/ ����f= ֵ�ti����FY8X�Ĩ����۫Wk���mA����Ȱ���W���\a)5\JTF)B�A�C�i\�I����@�8pr�D�( @�RH�G%�A��kY�9,@#M�ߪj�U�3�VL��X�ж�[�S�(��K���]$%Y��U��i'�oɸ�+�f((�K��� QdFal�KY�����(����^�n Q�" o����� �`�1"B�� ������������...
z��H��]�� ���~�f�G`B#'�] .H5ɺ��J��=iN�F���YM���{���B�Z�|M0Dq�9%��h�kF\qBXECowN���)/E^C�#�|0�K��� O���y��D��PwRf�ڠG�Q�_1 T�É��hL\'R�q�ַ�k�+������,�lh��Xv�-�>�mFHvYӏ��zdW��5�K������|�G�T�윸0�+����c�jǷ��,6�?s$�+��p�����e] %� �dD J_��[ѣ[^R�oZ�L�=m*�.0¶��:U;0�=~F��5jf|XJy� ���.�Iqf�����������ؘ�%�`l������xV��)t�H�:�qdW�tP@?�-i����-im0h�7��Py[Zâ�]�w?vk�}�?�%�03��ܡ;���؆54.��`I��+�&IPa�q[��̋�� � 3�9K�$�v1����a^Ȟ�}��������7�����>���Q�!$�0 g`�#}Q)���dJ����]<�� �cwnx�/�y��%^Ù�ސ2�8��C� T���(�3� 9�F�xZ��~M�>x��z�i�f�c��К��"�OƳ�\���\�X��]����'~@�_������8Es��L��a�dY�2bG��G�P/�"è�}�Lhշ8�7�q�U�Ċ���ǜ����EWP�5`�`1�|�H���k�]C��疐�ܷP����G�Į�R�q��'4��ҝ�l�zd�LC;�Ќ��DO:k���\nO%e� ���ʄȧq� L &�?���6�5PA�QZYg�ё�M�����m���i�� %;*7�6��,c��XƄ�>�Nj�k� �z��7Ӗ~��A4���x�n#����>�nU,9_�1��b�\e���*|���Y��ޫUp��J����H|.+Ya��z+2*��IVv4#� �9�є�=�ݚ6%���gG��!�@GU����hE5�q�YB�=T# �iC��n� �y�/���5a e �;��,��N�b؉U�� �8��̌��t���X1Z��Y_� �b�Ԣo�u۩��|�������ǖ*��܂�����.�ta�? +��U�]`�o/�/��g�Ev��r�-~r�a�M F�F:�P+Z@������1�JX�WTP�vny������7K�e�Hsڳ�saU���I��KH�>\����L��rb9� [���c�-w����h�v }>� �ރ��f! �p�#ә�գ���i�sR9��-גܯT�M��O6Q�uPCtGV�9�j�qUJsP8����Z�X@���A=�Z���f����*���w���#��kb��Jf�E��ف�F|�6��X���s*/k��;�_�R���״]�4|���=c�Gb/���C�c`Ϥ��è�P��dD�l�u�ͺ pԎ/"�|h=t ��>봗Mq� \>��=g ��q�����4 ��ONi�`� ��<�|a�c����=��m���/�oP���L�H .�B�U�u��@��fN��>�~��&��X�6y�g2 �f?�ŝyjN/-Z'���ʌ�~��aH�����E5'��K�ѹγRq����"|m����������}S�����ϯ'�S7���y��6n�_�)�a/��6�� �1 rp.�L[�%+�d#�����n��2�ؒج��~U�,���j)"%)�����p�Wre�*��GָB���!I�U,7t�wdd���)r-L ����T���g�0]���5v{5[{�~�L����b�k,,��_~g�~���ZB5��Ǵ�S!G�Z��t���K/U�+Q�E7�K.H�"�ğ���V´*pF��A{U��[�W�M�wot\,��s�+�/Rڔh��}��<\<7�6�X+-C��@2kM��D�6/L?��|�]��A��N�)�S���v�^i+�v_ɯ�o���Σ��<��V��*��f�H0nX����.V" %U���tN�٢�p"R�չ�N�d�3?5IYU�H�x��0��p���&����h5hu;9X����C/� ��şR�Z:1K~ɩ�&��⾪(C��2�A�S#f��$�bW3��:�#�×��y֧'嚎 ���Yԍ�I<�=��Ә���O�[6`��:�ic�{���-�&r��[�wQ .\�xd�E_�q���K4��X6���y[�A��仩�h�i�JGy��L�7M?ge=�>�o��U讪[w���i�EO��h��5�=��H�ͱ�v�[U���`*����YN�g�8|��}B�P���({�nY쁿)�*��P����@� o꼌�ڃ��c+�[�O ��u�>�7r_��������s����V��{���V�3����;�m>�� 4w�����d�G�&׃=� 2)|k�*zkp��.A��ao�A��������/ ���8�������&z �&�{>�V�y'�H^�`�z$�� �E?�IlY���?[b[`��9��0q�{�F��e'X�s��n�B%���6*�4j����a�ev��A�Jl���e��d4Py��iK�7|�ӶEg��^y�v�s�� �H2LQ�P/�d5�aP!���A���?�� 0����`;_��Y��m𥍞��T��E5H�����v;�Рs��|T��''�5X����1k���} �;zMGIf�cJ�:���F�i⒚j�[���,���IG2�"�XK�S��ZS#�`"�zK��'�gȸ�~QS�~&yH�\�R?��I������ힸ /�yc���[%� �E������z���yA+�Y�2=3�����p���Xc����n?.ّ=Q ��7����z��KQ��t%�yh���?��s��Ýǥ�� \J��O��v_�M���XѪ4� uF����*����"��Yr}��?�<��6�w;��=����'��ŵ��;!��Cc�z#���=���?�k��(Ar��:6��-F��T�W�+�]�Q�~�K(B-��9���-V�E�:�W̶�9��v5=&�5�A��c �I7�K�cK���2������m/<{ G;����9�c[j "�8a�ׅ;�`��c�I%l&�:��p�v��u`��P(,"[��U��&�5�2v... � �%5��gs'swv���+¡W� �����g{�����n�x\���ˡ��~����m����p�H��}v_�]]��)X���"p:�e�&F[X[���������Տ]77�|%���AM,bS+d&�C1��M*Ӽ�J^��j0Q�� �������$k�7D+j4��^"�ԚK�eIӼ|-oR{�b�'4N����)Hs�&���7D��cf<EyC�6������Z����Ԑ����(�N�k�*!Ñ��b=FS}����)��y�Xߖi�1[�&σ�J{ �� �x-/J�X��^�؆��U�m'��32��0 *�_,��E�ܡ�űt�}i�w�q<un��l?<:&�G���,��,�˴'�$��c�^HrL3��v߶���N9��������q;�{���n���v�=.v�b�-�uX��n���8��~��2Ó�^]I�5�����L :C=����/�ԭ��nN�[����8u�w�U�y�������8=U!����ñ�{�ݺ�6/����'$��I���a�?�)�a�����3K�7{|9�u����Q�D:G�Sr��sA�q���8�`C�a endstream endobj 67 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream H��W[�۶~��S����ĕ������c;M�֝�t:�VZ�^�kIk����� %�Ng�"� �s��w�ϓ��Y.�G� q\�<J��I.����>W�yY�~+1�%�� )~�l�xʦ�,�5��t�i�����E���JO�$�Af���D銤KUi�u��_���M��S���_�S�� լ"?:SJ�Ea�4�"]��m��,m��f�|L\)A �%����?���Jފ}�|��Pi���[Vp��Өx�9�//���ɿ��"�i�g�CA�E~������K��[��w��j�8�̤ ��'��\��WZ��./�����]���[����nWt��Зt�mz ������HO�O�Rզ↽r�k�T�,Q�� ������(�n��Wzu@ʮ�SHm;'����Cv�&AriK���]������%|5�,M��Ư�TS�_1Wں�df����=�Ȳ�����7I)^�-�E�����sP� ���.��]�r��B��տ# 1xe��.Z9*�=G��:so �"��M�� TM���N�O�J:T*^���O���xħ�k�1�]�L��?�2,�����... U{ء~�&�3EDǨ&T��מSf�6J��<�.���Q]�_�� ����^e��%c�^ �HOD/a�^���⠬�q?h*�o�� � ;��sP��y�x����˲#����b��5}��Y�8R�0�����j��@m��5E� |�k�ӽ}����_B� p�g��K�<�����g�&C�S 7�hA}�-~X��/L����4O���Q���Q��hL_��Q����2~�k'5ٜ+�y��L�n? ��ȋ�����Ym�8�5KL�EҳV�6+�j���8�Z��j��n�G�3/D endstream endobj 69 0 obj <>stream h�̔�o�P ���P?��7�*m�I��!����]S��*�{��"�@��+۲?~�����e�CUIUU��ū:Ωz����x��?A�՟�)$��f�@09"��O*'�'uU�WW���Q��L՜�u�cS�M�m��|�OƬ��yonͤ4�,:$�#�Yp$df77��b��>t��OU���~�O�p!Wآ�znA���>!{�9��t�_��.�P�='��#g9�Mr�;bY�O�� �|ƌ�.�(`#������9l�� G���Bw���[m�c� X��O���m}^}���1m�a��b�Љ �)��D�m`��糼�`�oeU�;큉��ƔȈ��)|V$�)�)�����ဥ�7�Cׯ��XV�桬�a�� ���ݯ���ѻ5�nUvf����Z�e��9j�Q KI+��Ŧܴ����?�("���:A�}F�?���`�Ux� endstream endobj 70 0 obj <>stream H�\��j� ��>�w�ٜ%P�r����NR�eby��6l�*����s���)d�o݀�@�q�;��@�ڂ.]��b����q�i����"��w8=�8�Y�W�ȁf8}ކ3�aK�� tx��g�^삠+v��!�a�{Bhk� ��5Y�liFe�̓T���?����}YV�-ަ��x��B����m̒�N��(�}H)&�,�#���o0 endstream... � �'��}d����\VORjVr��%="�3���������'�Ȁ 9�6Ut�R��?1sք��q�\Qc��Ӓ��x��;kK5_�t�0}R��Te[ӳrg��ꭚotI��NM���ɷ��%+yfNH)�����7&%g�y-m��O���r���N]v`�!GΔ��į�+���$�p9Hp�E��ZQx����" \A wM��V� vԩY��� ����1�s٠E*�FG������Q�(K��p`���@h�����֜- �w�Iԟ��>�&:�ZZMy4���.4���+�I�TEw�ݧ��~�z@#�e�S�$zQ�����"�)DC+���E� �`���0 ��xH��� �`6̣|ʡ���fcj�>��� �q�� ��l���q.��Kp).�u���xO�i*�I��V9w�� �B�|܇{q?�wh3m�TH�� \KŴ�6a��"��7 Eo�G���b���D��D ��xA A.�A4@���H��N4R��� 0^�7)���8J�Q4Zt���f�!��4��>���P ��N�:0�! �@,������*�8��d��4����t-����bN��b�Ȳ<-]۩�l��Ns1-�MtV,��^]Î������az/=N���G�c�����1���~O��k �bD��vF'�E���hL6�+�=�A�Y���Af�l1G�c̱�A�D�Bs�y�E�����g ��ZtKsK���%ْ�E�D��S�56�i6O��-�l�d��v�v�v�����1A[C���ڈں�:��4� (�2�]�!���i�R�L��y�RaG�jËuЃuC��7�I�����q��~E��2��SjZ�FG��R3��1r��F�35�~�&Μ`^`^�L��Rb oP�d�TcX��ֺߨ�n+q������m5C��T�u�8�Q��8���OS�n��3���wN�������.U�ˣT�F����E�ʓ�7�v�w(+(�WU��f���}���/�f-w�=�,��1@iyņ�����}�}�}�}���>�>D�1����ײS�����voS7N�BEG?iU�� U��_��.tt��v��~�c��Q�����Y<#=Sd���� ?�< ��s��G`��Xy��g���|<�E���"��Jy�W�범W�2Y.o�^+o�[�{i�"y[V�:yGV�*�e��yW���(G�\,�y��Q��������'�"�"qB�,���1(���V��wd-ĕ����.���R��팬��L,xK�����.��]y��ٝw���=�S��&��^���y?�����LJ؟?�>́�9�F�G9������%��|� ��܄��0>���g��8|��|�-�5Gp [���4G�n�g!W�|���9n��_�(� G�7ܒ���+��ܚ��m������_��|_�|���s|����\�e܁˹#w��3��.|���r]?V}da�=3w�;s���ݽ-�\*8����p ��OА�ݝA�����v)K)P�Rh~����O�s�Ҿ��=^�0�[�E� �w�c�x"�O��(��A�,^�!�/1T����b�x-F�7b���$�%I.>�n�b��b�t�X��8�b�$1A1QZ1Izħ���LV����粲�BV_ʪb��&����YC|-k�od-�-��u�����*�i���.����)�Y���-��9���+��y���-�|���o _��X [ ?�J���b�l#ɶb�l'd{�y�^ޮb/�!(;�%�����R�Y,�]�r�U�������!{�^���#��|��wso����Q܇Gs_��X���?�� y_��b��x2�)| O�A<�/��|���y&_���<���9�G��W�<����5����|/���^�����o��&^�7�| ?ķ��<�����(��x8?�#� /?W ��Ky$/�;�I�Cq0�A8 ��]�O�2}V��g�)}?���%N�/�+}W�����w}��i�=���p:Nř��~�����~����Kq .�@\�A�=X+bU��U�V����� 7�F����.6�:XC1�p'n�����110�0 [b[l�����6�G�H����8 W�*�R�4�1 30G�x�q N�q8I_���U}S_�7�5} �/�G?�����5z!�o�� ݘ���������E�{��z��u\�suWh�H~ԥՏ\�F�)`��B V�0I �+�@B��L���o�������v�v�WV� �6��#�I�ƙi�N;�x��L���ک���+ �8�U���|�g�9�3K���...
09�s�l�������0 �0�x�c�,������7p����-և������9���gq�Y �!���!��r�>��}09�rO��f�C�2˻�~��Lݰ,|j��-H��Ň���/M�� g� [����������!q��vA7��;�y_�6��� �@/< �1��1�Czc1�Ͱ��w�3w �iA�]���d��g�S���'��4 � �Ưx�b�\�`�s/�d�[����p�X��H�����3��pDr��y����)�p����P�4vϹ�B��~�=�kx�m��0��E�+\�k�7�;��v�R �'�{�~7f]�W���{m6�0����Č��/-3����SF� 5��O�I�:e| 팯��k+����f��u�Z�z�s����ɕ���t��/�����8�oQ��\�zw�߇��2�S|���^³ /ë��cY����%�ѹ5��Dv�\����RbH���i���o�)�6�.���wޒ�m���exO�?�_���� ])�w�2)����U�-�f�X�a%�z ���5�W�l��-�+��?p�} ���já`��^���{��Yyw�]K�/(+�_�C���¹��.F�yv���JCz8��('Ez]]����i@�k�su��jZ��5�gh�MMVSqkUPUV��t�_ �ژ��d =�#�.��%M�$Ð�z�B �5�D���$B� �KRG@t9�J!�HR��|�7�̯V$a��LZ ��i�� �:yc� z�ވ� }q[�ۥ/m����d�Ğ17tDK��zgl���%�P"1�g��b=ȋ�^+�%w�R=�%::kX��@�V�[���_�g.K#6��S�Xb6M(�Ѐ�a��>�W�24�dx�a�tx��$�-Q!���|�UH�3��yT��R��駯���whe��}���A��բhG�G|c] =4��bp ,��P��rԏEq�D� ^���z����&j��ِ&i3>7�!O[��PPĥ�Ѡ��7�0u5�H�AD����(E�����o�z:�?�5�����/�]Q%�͋��t^9��µ���(���}y�a�Q-�0���*��\���� �5�%�!�?Ȩ�@���4P��F�����I�d��i��dc2����LmP�� N 0ǩ5`�ۭ㴈\�'F��4&�A'��I�;1xT�l�7c��g��c"]x$��.9��IJTe���#h�@lI�����Kn ��s�9ň���2m�_����+��{ι���?�hH�D�UD�H��z���$��"�+-&�V-�v�,�Q�h�v-3K�^��T���;�� ��*%��j$���s�Md�2�������q�����ߋ��[��Y��e<��zRMSp� c�QY�C�\���M��b{�?2���U��w�8mg]���nE��۱K�4��'V��:��>6MX��?�w\�o��N�]�n���}��4E$���|~... tW� � O�G�!_G�c�I ��P�J�v��3���㺦��n��� �x��m�S��Zm�^�I�L%�DTgJ�ob��ypW��ϻ���S��Q��`JAPYD�2��j@ �4ي��4Ia�h� �����`l�hE%���@% 88�� �ڈ�������%$���g�������=ϻ�Sbء��H����X����SO��@��N�f�7��r�x�;Un��Y���V{�.� �g��[ ����{#sl��[�����]PU�Nİ�3��3S� 0 f���� �����bw�L�ߡuX� �p�y����������[w�Fwn�wְNi�ꨨ�φ#��"�u<.�/y ?���c�]ԓ��?�B��ħ�������L�)��WߠW`g=��Zǐd5ݶ��׀���%���I�����u{D϶%:M~�Y�?�;���M��zB-X�u���Ӵ���' �3��[�gs�y'�O�*i�f����6���C�u>}�I�;�?pXO;��� � �j�Di��[��Ֆ����s�p�jlW���+���/l#C-�����R��w9w�64N-�e�ϗ���ā�2��~e��x���ߑ�� ;�*�)O���n�>�p/��ً��f��>s��e�����Mޑ�9� Ku/yC- �%����["��ޗv�� j��k�"=F��:x_���g;e���^_-�L7)Q+�i��J]*�U������Sce ̠/�.����Aߧ2O헗U�@�&���#��xH6�| �֫)��)ݹ?�Tw)R���#d�,��p�o�=������=��1��������}������R;l䉘Y�̼�t]/z\�F����mV�n֛�m��� S�9��{���4{ qw�3w�f�;9��ы�������Q�-_��h���i�=Ҟ{�(��(��:-��v���ʴ��Vv���iEL)��أE!��������A��,��^y��o���ya�DZyhI�rƆ����EX�����祬o��o�,sT �=l?gߟe���i�}{��>���S�a ����f�[�Ë�w��J�A���'Y�^lUS%��$����سr&� o���z5�\9_���^����K��U"��q/Gw�~��U��V`�l����Oc�Z��PCe�w�����Q��N-y�tL���ׅ�l4?ƻ��C�*�ߙ�L�n���u�Ǝ3�7���O���yNY�j��Ey&���sC�*TcG�3Q���0y���9�2���s��6��gy\�#����#�s�b��5<�S��N�yZ���JX��@�-�$�X�vگU| ��<�{�]^�878T��&�X��s�&�u�h�� iⵉ�"���ԫQ���MHc� �Y/�Qe�&�-в�,��00^��!������cӌ\������M/��軔��JIcL�$��l����k��lg�%�d�1���!�1�H �ew�n#�hǸ�j���ۜ�����.�εGM��G������a�G{���6,��C�������fʽ�s��1��... ߛ�wȷ�$���&�#_#_!_���9^� �O�O����P�������wѷ �w�����7���%S��%�5�U��e�^�/"/ �c�܂<�<�<�<�<�<�<8Q>8I>�[>���� �L�vas`���*�t���ʽ�A�d#rw�L��8-�*�wg����z�5�FO� ���q������ �9r�����ϓ��s�ZԯA�F� ����Uȕ�J� �y9r�o��ԷV^/F.B.DV�:����|�J�ܷJ.�KQ?Y��+��&�"�� U�:��R TN�wrʟ�\,����9��9���o����:s�l5K���R=g�%�a�T'����l&��>+�����cd��ꬷ8�Ҫ�I+#=6ݕΧ�ͧ��=FZ�66�O�z'�=/&g��g�:�}��� NMLQ�՞hS��65)1QMH��Z�U�3^�hR�N�jL4���l�^)�^�%j�8�V�I�V�Q�H�c��::1R�T#I5oT+�+�Aw�+�#&� �ٱm���"#��m�yK�^����Y!���3*T,���[�=vy��I�lK�;e_����~�$�h0Z�Z�EG�'wX3�:pǵ����#iZ´��.-a������֦����4�iL�m��,�%��P�K�42�q� o��⮸g�����~����{l�Ф�00ixE��oOwI|��G�N�����x<�a�¸T����X��[�>۵M�K�jjn�bYc�� ��GR�M/^��R��W�5��T5��]8�݃���1�1�ҙ��3-xj���w�c$��(���� ��_v�؈��m�������?���>Ŀ��������/� ; endstream endobj 72 0 obj <>stream hެ�[kAǿ�<���e!��^Rb��uЁuVvGh�}��n�����f���E�R�!�X��`�<���B�(�Q�)X�(Q����ܼ /�~}�q3��m��{��_B�l|�����S<�mg;�"�p�w]��Cl��C�#~��'��k|;8���Sv�_���C���9�QV~wݚ1U��㤫\��L���7緻��8�i*��Vx^�m� �E����z���5D�"Y��չ��������>�kǐ�&%v�.�%���u���E��m�S��L������Q�?��3l���y`�ehI(��6ǰ��d,K|�������F�����c��oB�G�v�t�R� �%~�a�A�$�f�.���a\rp�TF��(�Ma/R��@� �ҏ���^��cI�$/E�k��o�� y-�+/� ������i(��F$�Hc����B�!Q��<�I��.����D1���eƫ@�`X�S� endstream endobj 73 0... The study used the mixed methods research approach to collect data from a sample of 60 ESL teachers currently teaching in the eleven Senior Secondary Schools in Ohangwena Region. The research participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and observations.
The study found that ESL teachers in Ohangwena Region encounter challenges such as lack of resources for teaching and learning ESL, overcrowded classes, absenteeism by learners, lack of parental involvement, learners’ lack of motivation,... To minimize the identified challenges, the participants highlighted the need for the provision of adequate resources such as ESL textbooks and buildings to accommodate all the learners, involving parents in their children’s education, reducing... The study recommended that government should improve the teaching resources and infrastructure as well as provide refresher workshops to enhance the ESL teaching conditions in the study area. Isidor Haufiku, Percy Mashebe, James Abah Adobe PDF Library 11.0 English Second Language, Teaching Challenges, Mitigation Measures, Ohangwena Region D:20220622003418 The study investigated the teaching challenges faced by English Second language (ESL) teachers in... The study used the mixed methods research approach to collect data from a sample of 60 ESL teachers currently teaching in the eleven Senior Secondary Schools in Ohangwena Region. The research participants were selected using the purposive sampling method.
Data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and observations. The study found that ESL teachers in Ohangwena Region encounter challenges such as lack of resources for teaching and learning ESL, overcrowded classes, absenteeism by learners, lack of parental involvement, learners╎ lack of motivation,... To minimize the identified challenges, the participants highlighted the need for the provision of adequate resources such as ESL textbooks and buildings to accommodate all the learners, involving parents in their children╎s education, reducing... The study recommended that government should improve the teaching resources and infrastructure as well as provide refresher workshops to enhance the ESL teaching conditions in the study area. endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream hޔ���0 D���q�V��0�Tb�D�X�2������%Yw�'�6dI�%e�h������5Y����ufw�b1��y>�~Kc @]U^�d�G2�tIs�ӡ��3"Rވ�Ez��)����?˜G�V�6�q�����l�kQ'�� ��B�`��J���U��l� endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream hޤU�n�F���-�Z��:F0�ik7Fm�/z�ȍ�]f/������YJ�b�}) ���Ξ�,�_���y3�L�q~�K0�y��ie֩�[�j 7���_���6��;��h�S���8{���W?�-�����x���/��*�⯿��B�pEU` (n���Cq�w�� ��ş\� ]��8��F��u���ukBw���p��NX3�{B�[ûۖlM��M��� aH^~jx�Y�?��W������=¿�N'E~z�]Ep{��M��o���d1�߹�q�2��-^�:���T}&�� A�Io�� � �4D~� ��V��m��'��oXN��]/g�b��r�5��P*�T�\���FO(�w�Le��R����#_u��XAB��������@9ƫ"h�+�:@��-�[���p9�*yO6���4jiC���)��G�2����<�!�R��d�>�����<���p��v�ƅ_���E�s�r*��K=h�&�����*����cUWˉKV��xPe��Sf@Vqu$��D��Pk�����qXX�QPAѲ$Vnx�܆�ٻ͌T�! d����I�� �S��YO.�V��� u|W�u�ƺ�E3>~�;Ƅm4̞r��$������]Z���6O�0�n�2�L> ���Ɉ��Ó���Ė��|�D��� _��{���G�K��0 endstream endobj... Teaching English as a second language (ESL) to young learners presents a unique set of challenges and requires the use of effective and innovative strategies.
Short attention spans, differences in learning pace and style, and the need to make learning relevant and engaging for children, are some of the key barriers faced by educators. Through this study, we explore various methods and approaches to overcome these challenges, including the use of props, games and other interactive activities that support visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. The study also highlights the importance of differentiating teaching and adapting to each child's specific needs to maximise learning effectiveness. In addition, the establishment of a positive and supportive classroom environment, as well as classroom behaviour management, were seen as important factors in facilitating successful language learning. The conclusion of this study provides insights into effective strategies in educating young learners in ESL, demonstrating the importance of teaching approaches that are creative, flexible and responsive to individual needs. Abdussamad, Z.
(2022). Qualitative Research Methods Book. Query date: 2024-05-25 20:59:55. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/juwxn Aizawa, I., Rose, H., Thompson, G., & ... (2023).
Beyond the threshold: Exploring English language proficiency, linguistic challenges, and academic language skills of Japanese students in an English medium. .... Language Teaching ..., Query date: 2024-10-10 10:41:08. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820965510 Baresh, E. (2022).
DEVELOPING LIBYAN UNDERGRADUATES' WRITING SKILLS THROUGH REFLECTIVE JOURNALING: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW. Journal of English Language Teaching and ..., Query date: 2024-10-10 10:41:08. https://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/english-language-teaching/article/view/1835 Delana, J., & Musico, A. (2024). CHALLENGES OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS IN TEACHING ENGLISH: INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION AND PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES IN FOCUS.
... Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and ..., Query date: 2024-10-10 10:41:08. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. 2020, International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling Learning English as a second language is of utmost critical, and the need to guide the educators to contribute to successful teaching seen to be a vast necessity.
Therefore, this article discusses the challenges faced by educators to deliver English as a second language in the classroom, exploring possible ways to overcome the challenges, theoretical perspective of students’ difficulties in learning, and... Hence, this article is known to be impactful for more educators to be aware of the limitation that lies within themselves, the source of motivation, the appropriate skills required, and most importantly the strategies... In conclusion, the effectiveness of integration between the educators and desired learners leads to the ideal outcome. Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi, 2022
People Also Search
- (PDF) Challenges of Teaching English as A Second Language (ESL
- PDF The challenges and problems encountered in teaching and learning ...
- (PDF) Challenges and Strategies for English as a Second Language (ESL ...
- PDF Challenges Encountered by Learners of English As a Second Language
- PDF Teaching Challenges of English Second Language Teachers in Senior ...
- PDF Teaching Challenges and Coping Strategies of English Second Ohangwena ...
- PDF Challenges of Learning English As a Second Language (Esl)
- (PDF) Challenges Faced by Teachers in Teaching English as a Second ...
- Exploring Challenges and Strategies in Teaching English As a Second ...
- (PDF) The Challenge of Teaching English as Second Language
Academia.edu No Longer Supports Internet Explorer. To Browse Academia.edu And
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The study examined the challenges of teaching English as a second language (ESL). It further determined whether the participants are native speakers of English, and the challenges they face while teaching English. Purposive sa...
It Was Also Shown That 49% Of The Participants As
It was also shown that 49% of the participants as the majority confirmed that lack of enough professional training makes non-native English-speaking teachers struggle with teaching approaches in class. Consequently, it was recommended among other things the Ghana Education Service (GES) should try to recruit native English-speaking teachers to shore up effective teaching and learning of English in...
B �v�Ʊl.`����KX��<�����oLX`���� R*l� ��>�J_�ވ�� D'�ܩ�����~@��}w��<1Q]����8$r��I@�wL욑�¶��%m��0Nޠ�xAo^��!���#~_� ��3b��^.cG���ʄ���H-0��*O4�m�i�aˡ{������B����[WR]Y^��Ⓐ�x�ZR�m�� >8�d���z���m�w��}*��R�%)�����^q��(d��ը�"���;3� �K�'����cvv�c�Ns�dx<����9qj��������Bocϋ6��"⭢��b�^�k=F�#�� �� +,م���[���2�5������cU$XT�BsS![ԗ^U��mѬ��$��'7N�R�Qs+�L�Ҳ�n})��
b �v�Ʊl.`����KX��<�����oLX`���� R*l� ��>�J_�ވ�� D'�ܩ�����~@��}w��<1Q]����8$r��I@�wL욑�¶��%m��0Nޠ�xAo^��!���#~_� ��3b��^.cG���ʄ���H-0��*O4�m�i�aˡ{������B����[WR]Y^��Ⓐ�x�ZR�m�� >8�d���z���m�w��}*��R�%)�����^q��(d��ը�"���;3� �K�'����cvv�c�Ns�dx<����9qj��������Bocϋ6��"⭢��b�^�k=F�#�� �� +,م���[���2�5������cU$XT�BsS![ԗ^U��mѬ��$��'7N�R�Qs+�L�Ҳ�n})�� 3�Q04隃/�֨E=�� I��t�...
Z��H��]�� ���~�f�G`B#'�] .H5ɺ��J��=iN�F���YM���{���B�Z�|M0Dq�9%��h�kF\qBXECowN���)/E^C�#�|0�K��� O���y��D��PwRf�ڠG�Q�_1 T�É��hL\'R�q�ַ�k�+������,�lh��Xv�-�>�mFHvYӏ��zdW��5�K������|�G�T�윸0�+����c�jǷ��,6�?s$�+��p�����e] %� �dD J_��[ѣ[^R�oZ�L�=m*�.0¶��:U;0�=~F��5jf|XJy� ���.�Iqf�����������ؘ�%�`l������xV��)t�H�:�qdW�tP@?�-i����-im0h�7��Py[Zâ�]�w?vk�}�?�%�03��ܡ;���؆54.��`I��+�&IPa�q[��̋�� �
z��H��]�� ���~�f�G`B#'�] .H5ɺ��J��=iN�F���YM���{���B�Z�|M0Dq�9%��h�kF\qBXECowN���)/E^C�#�|0�K��� O���y��D��PwRf�ڠG�Q�_1 T�É��hL\'R�q�ַ�k�+������,�lh��Xv�-�>�mFHvYӏ��zdW��5�K������|�G�T�윸0�+����c�jǷ��,6�?s$�+��p�����e] %� �dD J_��[ѣ[^R�oZ�L�=m*�.0¶��:U;0�=~F��5jf|XJy� ���.�Iqf�����������ؘ�%�`l������xV��)t�H�:�qdW�tP@?�-i����-im0h�7��Py[Zâ�]�w?vk�}�?�%�03��ܡ;��...
09�s�l�������0 �0�x�c�,������7p����-և������9���gq�Y �!���!��r�>��}09�rO��f�C�2˻�~��Lݰ,|j��-H��Ň���/M�� G� [����������!q��vA7��;�y_�6��� �@/< �1��1�Czc1�Ͱ��w�3w �iA�]���d��g�S���'��4 � �Ưx�b�\�`�s/�d�[����p�X��H�����3��pDr��y����)�p����P�4vϹ�B��~�=�kx�m��0��E�+\�k�7�;��v�R
09�s�l�������0 �0�x�c�,������7p����-և������9���gq�Y �!���!��r�>��}09�rO��f�C�2˻�~��Lݰ,|j��-H��Ň���/M�� g� [����������!q��vA7��;�y_�6��� �@/< �1��1�Czc1�Ͱ��w�3w �iA�]���d��g�S���'��4 � �Ưx�b�\�`�s/�d�[����p�X��H�����3��pDr��y����)�p����P�4vϹ�B��~�=�kx�m��0��E�+\�k�7�;��v�R �'�{�~7f]�W���{m6�0����Č��/-3����SF� 5��O�I�:e| 팯��k+����f��u�Z�z�s����ɕ���...