University of Kwazulu-Natal

From A I To Tariffs 14 Charts That Explain 2025

Bonisiwe Shabane
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from a i to tariffs 14 charts that explain 2025

In recent years, macroeconomic tides have ebbed and flowed, but one thing has remained unchanged: Americans’ dim views of the economy. In 2023, pundits warned of the “vibecession.” In 2024, concerns about the economy and inflation were top of mind for voters in the presidential race. This year, economic pessimism has persisted, as President Trump’s sweeping economic proposals, from his wide-ranging tariffs to his plan to remake the Federal Reserve, have raised uncertainty to new highs. And the economic data is sending mixed, and muddled, signals. Here are 14 charts that illustrate how uncertainty has unfolded in the economy and markets over the last year, and how it might affect the next. President Trump’s trade war has been one of the biggest sources of economic uncertainty this year.

During his campaign, Trump repeatedly cited tariffs as a way to spur American manufacturing, create new jobs and lower U.S. trade deficits. President Trump’s trade policy, inflation and climbing stock prices shaped business and the economy this year. [Source] Category: International Trade and World Market Topics: economy, business, shaped, prices, stock, climbing, inflation, policy, trade, Trump’s, President, Explain, Charts, Tariffs

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/20/business/dealbook/charts-2025-economy.html President Trump’s trade policy,inflation and climbing stock prices significantly shaped business and the economy throughout 2023.The year saw fluctuations in various sectors, influenced by these interconnected factors. Economic indicators presented a complex picture,with both gains and challenges for businesses and consumers. The implementation of President trump’s trade policies continued to impact international commerce, leading to both opportunities and disruptions for American businesses. Tariffs and trade negotiations played a key role in altering supply chains and affecting the cost of goods. Inflation remained a persistent concern for much of the year, eroding purchasing power and prompting the Federal Reserve to take action.

Despite inflationary pressures, stock prices experienced a notable climb, driven by positive earnings reports from some companies and investor optimism. This divergence between stock market performance and the broader economic climate created a sense of uncertainty. The labor market remained relatively strong, with unemployment rates staying low, but wage growth struggled to keep pace with rising prices. Several sectors experienced specific challenges.The manufacturing sector faced headwinds from trade disputes and supply chain bottlenecks. The technology industry saw both growth and consolidation, with major companies navigating regulatory scrutiny. The energy sector was affected by geopolitical events and fluctuating demand.

Analysts observed that the interplay between trade policy, inflation, and stock market performance created a unique economic environment. It was generally understood that the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy decisions were aimed at curbing inflation,but these actions also carried the risk of slowing economic growth. The resilience of the labor market was seen as a key factor mitigating the potential for a recession, although concerns remained about the long-term sustainability of the current economic trajectory. The years encompassing president Donald Trump’s presidency (2017-2021) presented a complex and often contradictory economic picture.While characterized by a sustained bull market in stocks,the period was also marked by evolving trade policies ⁣and fluctuating... Understanding these interconnected forces is crucial for⁤ assessing the long-term economic consequences of this era. A ⁣cornerstone of President Trump’s economic agenda ​was a departure from traditional free trade agreements.

He initiated ​a series of trade disputes, most notably with China, imposing tariffs on ⁤billions​ of dollars worth of goods. ​The stated goals ⁤were to reduce the U.S. trade deficit,protect American jobs,and encourage⁢ domestic ​manufacturing. The​ impact‌ of these policies was multifaceted. While some‌ domestic industries,⁣ like⁣ steel, saw temporary⁤ benefits, many businesses faced increased costs due⁤ to tariffs on ‌imported components. Agricultural ⁣producers were‌ especially hard hit by retaliatory tariffs from China, leading to goverment subsidies to offset losses.

The Peterson ⁤Institute for‍ International Economics⁢ estimated that ⁢the trade war‌ cost the U.S. 300,000 jobs. Inflation remained ⁤relatively subdued for much of ​President Trump’s term, averaging ‍around ‌2%⁢ annually. ⁣Though, towards the ‌end of his⁤ presidency, inflationary ‌pressures began to build. Several factors contributed to‍ this: The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose steadily in late 2020, signaling the beginning of a​ more pronounced inflationary period that would continue ⁢into the⁢ following years.​ The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides detailed CPI...

This document provides a high-level overview of tariff requirements for 2025.

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