University of Kwazulu-Natal

Fake News Why Do We Believe It Pmc Scribd

Bonisiwe Shabane
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fake news why do we believe it pmc scribd

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received 2021 Jan 6; Accepted 2021 Jun 10; Collection date 2021. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Proliferation of misinformation in digital news environments can harm society in a number of ways, but its dangers are most acute when citizens believe that false news is factually accurate. A recent wave of empirical research focuses on factors that explain why people fall for the so-called fake news. In this scoping review, we summarize the results of experimental studies that test different predictors of individuals’ belief in misinformation.

The review is based on a synthetic analysis of 26 scholarly articles. The authors developed and applied a search protocol to two academic databases, Scopus and Web of Science. The sample included experimental studies that test factors influencing users’ ability to recognize fake news, their likelihood to trust it or intention to engage with such content. Relying on scoping review methodology, the authors then collated and summarized the available evidence. Fake news have become a real threat to society. How do psychological and social factors influence whether we fall for them or not?

And what can we do against it? Whether it's the war in Ukraine, the coronavirus pandemic or gender issues, more and more fake news has been circulating on the internet in recent years, especially on emotional and controversial topics. Sometimes, it can be difficult to distinguish fact from fiction. Other times, they are easier to recognize. But not for everyone: Some internet users are more likely to accept misinformation and fake news as true information than others. In this DW Fact check, we look at why that is.

A term that comes up again and again in this context is "cognitive bias." It describes faulty tendencies in human thinking from which we find it difficult to free ourselves. Among other things, our views and our preconceived worldview, also called "partisanship" or "confirmation bias" in some specialist articles, play a major role in why we fall for fake news. We come across fake news in social media and – less and less often, fortunately – in traditional media, pick it up from our friends and loved ones as they share information they have... But why do we believe it? Read the article below and find out why you sometimes (or maybe frequently?) fall prey to fake news! We may say it is our fault, and sometimes it is.

That we have been caught with our guard down, that we would believe anything, that we are too trusting. And sometimes this is true. But the people who make fake news know how to make us believe this information. And they use various methods to build the reliability of unreliable information. Often it truly is difficult to tell if information has been fabricated or distorted. What methods do they use?

For instance, they can use features to make us believe information more readily, harder to recognize as false. What features are these? Fake news deliberately use trust-building elements to appear credible. The more specific the details, the more likely we are to believe them—even when they’re entirely made up. | © Goethe-Institut The publication of this article is part of PERSPECTIVES – the new label for independent, constructive, and multi-perspective journalism.

The German-Czech-Slovak-Ukrainian online magazine JÁDU German-Czech-Slovak-Ukrainian online magazine JÁDU is implementing this EU co-financed project together with six other editorial teams from Central and Eastern Europe, under the leadership of the Goethe-Institut.>>> More about... Piotr Henzler is a trainer, consultant, and sociologist who has been supporting librarians through education and consulting for fifteen years. He has created and run training sessions on critical thinking and the verification and evaluation of information for libraries, NGOs, academic staffs and university and grade-school students. His publications include: Kliknij. Sprawdź, Zrozum. Jak świadomie korzystać z informacji (Click, Check, Understand: How to Use Information Consciously), and he was editor of Zrozum.org (2020–22).

Auteur correspondant. Service de rhumatologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne université. AP–HP, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France. Accepted 2022 Feb 22; Issue date 2022 Jul. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website.

Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories,... These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. Fake news dissemination has increased greatly in recent years, with peaks during the US presidential elections and the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has addressed fake news creation, consumption, sharing, and detection as well as approaches to counteract it and prevent people from believing it. This update addresses only a part of the fake news-related issues and focuses on determinants leading individuals to believe fake news, noting that rheumatology is scarcely represented. Some determinants relate to the ecosystem of media and social networks, such as the availability and rapid spread of fake news, the unselected information on platforms and the fact that consumers can become creators...

Cognitive factors are important, such as confirmation bias, political partisanship, prior exposure and intuitive thinking. Low science knowledge and low educational level are also involved. Psychological factors include attraction to novelty, high emotional state, and the emotionally evocative content of fake news. High digital literacy protects against believing fake news. Sociological factors such as online communities, or echo chambers, and the role of pressure groups have been identified. The implication for practice can be deduced, including education in media literacy and warning tips, reliable journalism and fact-checking, social media regulation, partnership of media platforms’ with fact-checkers, warning messages on networks, and digital...

Health professionals need to better understand the factors that cause individuals to believe fake news. Identifying these determinants may help them in their counseling role when talking to patients about misinformation. Keywords: Fake news, Misinformation, Social networks, Cognitive bias

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