Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Cald Oxford Review

Bonisiwe Shabane

-Oct 31, 2025, 1:07 PM

culturally and linguistically diverse cald oxford review

In the realm of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), understanding and addressing culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) is crucial. Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) is a significant aspect of this discourse, but what exactly does it entail? Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) refers to individuals or groups who identify with different cultural backgrounds, languages, and traditions from the dominant culture in a particular setting. This term is widely used in fields such as education, healthcare, social services, and corporate settings, where there is a conscious effort to support, include, and engage individuals from varied cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In the context of DEI, understanding and acknowledging Culturally and Linguistically Diverse groups helps create a more inclusive and supportive society. People from CLD backgrounds often bring unique perspectives, skills, and knowledge that enrich social and professional environments.

However, they may also face specific barriers, such as language differences, cultural misunderstandings, and systemic biases, that impact their ability to participate fully and equally in society. An example of a culturally and linguistically diverse initiative in education is a program that offers bilingual resources and support for students who speak languages other than English at home. In many multicultural schools, teachers work alongside bilingual aides to ensure students understand their lessons, especially for complex subjects. Additionally, schools may offer cultural exchange days, inviting students to share aspects of their culture, food, and traditions. This approach fosters a sense of pride among CLD students and encourages their peers to appreciate cultural diversity. Addressing the needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse groups is a fundamental aspect of DEI.

It demonstrates an organisation’s or community’s commitment to equity and inclusion by acknowledging the value of cultural and linguistic diversity. When organisations and communities work to be inclusive of CLD individuals, they not only empower those individuals but also enhance the richness and creativity of the entire environment. Correspondence: Thi.Pham2@monash.edu or thulepham15@gmail.com Received 2020 Nov 17; Accepted 2021 Jan 11; Issue date 2021 Jan. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Objective: To identify how Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities are defined in epidemiological research in Australia and provide a definition of CALD status that aids the consistency and interpretability of epidemiological studies. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature from January 2015 to May 2020 was searched via four databases (Ovid Medline combined with PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL) to identify quantitative studies of CALD people in Australia. Results: A total of 108 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Country of birth was the most commonly used CALD definition (n = 33, 30.6%), with combinations of two or more components also frequently used (n = 31, 28.7%). No studies used all the components suggested as core to defining CALD status. including country of birth, languages other than English spoken at home, English proficiency, and indigenous status.

Conclusions: There was considerable inconsistency in how CALD status was defined. The review suggests that CALD status would best be defined as people born in non-English speaking countries, and/or who do not speak English at home. Additionally, indigenous peoples should be considered separately. This recommended definition will support the better identification of potential health disparity and needs in CALD and indigenous communities. Keywords: review, epidemiological, Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD), aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, indigenous peoples, CALD, migrant Received 2024 Jun 17; Accepted 2025 Mar 7; Collection date 2025.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit... The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from... To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Diversity and inclusivity have become increasingly important in the design and implementation of clinical trials. However, those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds are still underrepresented in the research landscape.

Failing to include diverse participants can result in treatments and interventions that are not accessible to all who need them. Researchers in Australia and internationally are innovating new ways to address the barriers to increased participation of people from CALD backgrounds in clinical trials. We conducted a brief review, augmented by consultation with experts who have engaged CALD communities in research and who hold positions in diversity and inclusivity improvement. Through this, we identified three pillars that must be considered in all areas of design and implementation of trials and research projects: co-design the process of engagement, build trust, invest the time. We also identified seven areas for action where organisations and research teams can focus their activities to improve inclusion and diversity: toolkits and study design, building trust with CALD communities, education and awareness, staff... Importantly, accurate collection of data related to CALD status is also needed to improve inclusivity.

Experts provided valuable insights from their own experiences of the most effective methods for improving the inclusion of CALD communities in clinical trials. Early and thorough planning, building long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with CALD communities and top-down changes to funding are all necessary elements to creating effective, sustainable improvements to the diversity of clinical trials. You have full access to this open access article This systematic review investigated barriers culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian women encountered when seeking support for family and domestic violence (FDV). Despite CALD women’s heightened vulnerability to FDV due to factors like immigration status, language barriers, and limited social networks, research suggests persistent, multifaceted obstacles to help-seeking. A systematic review of both qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted for articles published in peer-reviewed literature and grey literature.

Databases searched included MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, applying inclusion criteria centered on Australia, FDV, CALD women, and access to support services for studies in the last 10 years. This review explored cultural and structural barriers, such as fear of stigma, lack of culturally competent services, and precarious visa conditions hindering access to critical services. Findings emphasized that CALD women often face three overarching barriers; pressure to uphold family unity: endure abuse due to cultural norms: and confront challenges in navigating Australia’s legal and support systems with language proficiency... It also highlighted the increased use of technology related abuse. Some studies highlighted the intersectionality of these issues, where multiple barriers compounded the difficulties faced by CALD women. This review underscores the need for culturally responsive interventions, accessible information on legal rights, and trauma-informed support for CALD women.

Addressing these barriers through nuanced, culturally tailored policies and services could enhance support access, ultimately improving safety and support outcomes for CALD women experiencing FDV in Australia.

Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Cald Oxford Review

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