Bolstering Democracy In The Age Of Ai Insights From The 2024 U S

Bonisiwe Shabane
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bolstering democracy in the age of ai insights from the 2024 u s

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The last decade taught us painful lessons about how social media can reshape democracy: misinformation spreads faster than truth, online communities harden into echo chambers, and political divisions deepen as polarization grows.

Now, another wave of technology is transforming how voters learn about elections—only faster, at scale, and with far less visibility. Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, among others, are becoming the new vessels (and sometimes, arbiters) of political information. Our research suggests their influence is already rippling through our democracy. LLMs are being adopted at a pace that makes social media uptake look slow. At the same time, traffic to traditional news and search sites has declined. As the 2026 midterms near, more than half of Americans now have access to AI, which can be used to gather information about candidates, issues, and elections.

Meanwhile, researchers and firms are exploring the use of AI to simulate polling results or to understand how to synthesize voter opinions. These models may appear neutral—politically unbiased, and merely summarizing facts from different sources found in their training data or on the internet. At the same time, they operate as black boxes, designed and trained in ways users can’t see. Researchers are actively trying to unravel the question of whose opinions LLMs reflect. Given their immense power, prevalence, and ability to “personalize” information, these models have the potential to shape what voters believe about candidates, issues, and elections as a whole. And we don’t yet know the extent of that influence.

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. AI Chatbots Are Shockingly Good at Political Persuasion

Chatbots can measurably sway voters’ choices, new research shows. The findings raise urgent questions about AI’s role in future elections By Deni Ellis Béchard edited by Claire Cameron Stickers sit on a table during in-person absentee voting on November 01, 2024 in Little Chute, Wisconsin. Election day is Tuesday November 5. Forget door knocks and phone banks—chatbots could be the future of persuasive political campaigns.

The Brennan Center for Justice, a nonpartisan law and policy institute at New York University School of Law, has released a detailed report titled "An Agenda to Strengthen U.S. Democracy in the Age of AI". Published on February 13, 2025, the 39-page document, authored by Mekela Panditharatne, Lawrence Norden, Joanna Zdanys, Daniel I. Weiner, and Yasmin Abusaif, outlines strategies to harness artificial intelligence (AI) for democratic benefit while mitigating its risks. Drawing from the 2024 election cycle—labeled the nation’s first “AI election”—the report offers recommendations for federal, state, and local policymakers. [Read More: Could a Hypothetical Deepfake Scandal on Election Eve Threaten Democracy?]

The report examines AI’s impact during the 2024 U.S. elections, where generative AI, capable of creating text, images, audio, and video, saw varied use. Foreign entities employed it to amplify interference via fake news sites, campaigns crafted misleading deepfake ads, and activists used it to support voter suppression efforts. Candidates leveraged AI for outreach and content creation, while election officials tested it for voter communication. Though fears of widespread disruption proved overstated—“the worst-case scenarios did not come to pass”, the authors note—the technology’s growing sophistication signals a need for proactive governance as its adoption is projected to peak later... [Read More: TikTok’s AI Algorithms Under Scrutiny for Election Interference in Romania]

A key proposal is strengthening government capacity to manage AI. The report urges state and local governments to form advisory councils, citing models in Georgia and Utah, to assess risks and benefits. It also calls for funding to recruit AI experts—computer scientists, privacy officers, and more—to compete with private-sector opportunities. Training existing staff on AI use and cyber threats, like phishing, is recommended, alongside exploring efficiency gains, provided civil rights are safeguarded. The Biden administration’s 2023 AI governance order, repealed by President Trump in January 2025, leaves states to take the lead, the report argues. Nicol Turner Lee, Joseph B.

Keller, Cameron F. Kerry, Aaron Klein, Anton Korinek, Mark MacCarthy, Mark Muro, Chinasa T. Okolo, Courtney C. Radsch, John Villasenor, Darrell M. West, Tom Wheeler, Andrew W. Wyckoff, Rashawn Ray, Mishaela Robison

Melanie W. Sisson, Colin Kahl, Sun Chenghao, Xiao Qian Norman Eisen, Renée Rippberger, Jonathan Katz

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Now, Another Wave Of Technology Is Transforming How Voters Learn

Now, another wave of technology is transforming how voters learn about elections—only faster, at scale, and with far less visibility. Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, among others, are becoming the new vessels (and sometimes, arbiters) of political information. Our research suggests their influence is already rippling through our democracy. LLMs are being adopted at a...

Meanwhile, Researchers And Firms Are Exploring The Use Of AI

Meanwhile, researchers and firms are exploring the use of AI to simulate polling results or to understand how to synthesize voter opinions. These models may appear neutral—politically unbiased, and merely summarizing facts from different sources found in their training data or on the internet. At the same time, they operate as black boxes, designed and trained in ways users can’t see. Researchers ...