1 Introduction Cambridge University Press Assessment

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012 The most pressing issue facing U.S. education may be providing all students with a fair opportunity to learn (OTL). Although most would embrace the goal of enhancing OTL, there are fundamental disagreements about how best to accomplish this and different understandings of the meaning of “opportunity to learn.” Historically, conceptions of OTL have... OTL has been conceptualized as opportunity to learn what is tested, and test-based accountability has been widely implemented as a means of enhancing OTL. In the United States, policy makers have embraced test-based accountability as a means of somehow forcing schools to bring “all children” to a “proficient” level of achievement.

By law, tests must be “aligned” to rigorous “academic achievement standards.” Thus, standardized tests are relied upon to provide both the definition of successful learning and the means to assure that OTL is extended... Against this vision, many have criticized the conception of learning underlying large-scale testing programs and have argued that test-based accountability has, in fact, undermined many students' opportunities to learn. It is rare to find any productive dialogue between the critics and the proponents of test-based accountability systems. By and large, testing advocates embrace a straightforward account of educational improvement. It is taken as a given that schools are doing a poor job – the goal of schooling is to impart skills to students, and it is common knowledge that many students graduate without... To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your...

Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Cambridge University Press and Assessment[2] is a non-school institution[3] of the University of Cambridge.

It was formed under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021 by the merge between Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment.[4][5][6] The institution is headquartered in Cambridge, England, with 50 overseas office locations.[7] The institution's products include the Cambridge Dictionary, Cambridge Core, IGCSEs, Cambridge Technicals, Linguaskill and hundreds of academic journals and books. Following the merger, the combined group calculated that it reaches 100 million learners worldwide, with 85% of its revenues coming from outside the United Kingdom.[8] It reported revenue in excess of £1 billion and... Cambridge University Press & Assessment is reported as delivering: Cambridge University Press & Assessment has advocated for "Effective climate education [to] become available to students at every age and stage".[11]

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