University of Kwazulu-Natal

Artificial Intelligence Human Intelligence And Hybrid Intelligence

Bonisiwe Shabane
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artificial intelligence human intelligence and hybrid intelligence

A new book looks at how the integration of artificial and human intelligence will impact individuals, organizations, and society. In their new book, “SuperShifts: Transforming How We Live, Learn, and Work in the Age of Intelligence,” Ja-Naé Duane and Steve Fisher look at how emerging technologies create opportunities for transformation and even the... Among these transformations is what they call “IntelliFusion,” or “the convergence and seamless integration of artificial intelligence with human intelligence, blurring the boundaries between machine and human cognition and giving rise to hybrid intelligence... Duane, a behavioral scientist, is the faculty director of Brown University’s Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship program and an academic research fellow at the MIT Center for Information Systems Research. Fisher is an entrepreneur and futurist. In the excerpt below, the authors discuss how the integration of AI and human intelligence will impact individuals, organizations, and society.

The following article was written by Dr. Cornelia C. Walther, a visiting scholar at Wharton and director of global alliance POZE. A humanitarian practitioner who spent over 20 years at the United Nations, Walther’s current research focuses on leveraging AI for social good. Imagine a neurosurgeon who faces a complex, high-risk brain surgery. Despite years of experience, the case presents unpredictable variables.

Instead of relying solely on intuition, she turns to an AI-powered surgical assistant, which analyzes millions of similar cases in seconds, predicting complications and suggesting the most precise approach. As she operates, her expertise guides the procedure while the AI continuously adjusts recommendations in real time based on the patient’s vitals. When an unexpected complication arises, the AI flags an anomaly milliseconds before human detection, allowing the surgeon to act instantly and save the patient’s life. The AI extended the human’s capabilities without replacing her judgment. This is hybrid intelligence (HI) in action — natural and artificial intelligence working together, amplifying strengths, compensating for weaknesses, and achieving what neither could alone. By understanding and harnessing HI, organizations can move beyond incremental efficiency gains to unlock strategic, sustainable outcomes that future-proof the enterprise while improving the well-being of the people involved.

In the following sections, I explain how the multidimensional set-up of natural intelligence intertwines with AI to create HI, and provide a practical framework to help organizations leverage these ideas systematically and cost-effectively. Let’s start with a quick overview of the primary forms of intelligence referenced in this article: This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of hybrid intelligence, through which humans collaborate with artificial intelligence (AI) systems to enhance human and AI capabilities while ensuring that human values, needs, and authority remain central. In line with the principles of Human-Centered AI (HCAI), hybrid intelligence leverages the complementary strengths of humans and AI to create systems that augment, rather than replace, human decision-making and creativity. The chapter discusses how hybrid intelligence prioritizes human oversight, controllability, authority, and ethical considerations, ensuring that AI serves to enhance human well-being and aligns with societal values. It also addresses recent technological advancements, including foundation models, which have highlighted the importance of hybrid intelligence in fields such as healthcare, decision support, and innovation.

Alongside these developments, the chapter emphasizes critical ethical and social challenges, such as fairness, accountability, trust, and privacy, within an HCAI framework. The chapter concludes by highlighting future research directions that integrate technical, social, and ethical perspectives to create sustainable, human-centered hybrid intelligence systems that prioritize human agency oversight as well as ethical design. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Abhivardhan. (2025). Data Governance.

In W. Xu (Ed.), Handbook of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (pp. 1–61). Springer. Allen, R. T., & Choudhury, P.

(2022). Algorithm-augmented work and domain experience: The countervailing forces of ability and aversion. Organization Science, 33(1), 149–169. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1554 Almatrafi, O., Johri, A., & Lee, H. (2024).

A systematic review of AI Literacy conceptualization, constructs, and implementation and assessment efforts (2019–2023). Computers and Education Open, 6, 100173. Correia, A.; Schneider, D.; Fonseca, B.; Kärkkäinen, T. Human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interaction: Latest Advances and Prospects. Appl. Sci.

2025, 15, 12218. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212218 Correia A, Schneider D, Fonseca B, Kärkkäinen T. Human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interaction: Latest Advances and Prospects. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(22):12218.

https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212218 Correia, António, Daniel Schneider, Benjamim Fonseca, and Tommi Kärkkäinen. 2025. "Human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interaction: Latest Advances and Prospects" Applied Sciences 15, no. 22: 12218. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212218

Correia, A., Schneider, D., Fonseca, B., & Kärkkäinen, T. (2025). Human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interaction: Latest Advances and Prospects. Applied Sciences, 15(22), 12218. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212218 Reading Time: 4 minutesWhat would happen if human intellect synergized with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities?

How would this occur? What would be necessary? These and other questions can be answered within a new paradigm: Hybrid Intelligence. Although many types of intelligence exist (e.g., emotional, spatial, intrapersonal, interpersonal), this article deals with three intelligence concepts: artificial (AI), human, and hybrid. Before defining hybrid intelligence, it is necessary to understand the particularities of human and artificial intelligence definitions. According to the RAE (n.d.), the word intelligence refers to the “ability to understand or comprehend; ability to solve problems.”

Human intelligence allows individuals to understand, reason, learn, solve problems, analyze situations and stimuli, create, and imagine. Some distinguishing characteristics of human intelligence are: Artificial intelligence (AI) can be defined according to theoretical, practical, or philosophical perspectives. However, the theoretical one, taken as more general, describes AI as a field of research and development that builds computational systems that simulate human learning, understanding, problem-solving, decision-making, creativity, and autonomy to perform tasks.

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