A Research Agenda For Hybrid Intelligence Augmenting Human Intellect

Bonisiwe Shabane
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a research agenda for hybrid intelligence augmenting human intellect

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions. © A Research Agenda for Hybrid Intelligence Over the course of history, the use of tools has played a crucial role in enabling human civilizations, cultures and economies: fire, the wheel, the printing press, the computer, and the Internet are just... Such tools have augmented human skills and thought to previously unachievable levels. Over the past several decades, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, which allow humans to “scale up” by providing increasingly intelligent decision support, have become the latest addition to this toolset.

Until now, however, these tools have been mostly used by experts. Hybrid intelligence (HI) can go well beyond this by creating systems that operate as mixed teams, where humans and machines cooperate synergistically, proactively, and purposefully to achieve shared goals, showing AI’s potential for amplifying... This perspective on AI as HI is critical to our future understanding of AI as a way to augment human intellect as well as to our ability to apply intelligent systems in areas of... Z. Akata et al., "A Research Agenda for Hybrid Intelligence: Augmenting Human Intellect With Collaborative, Adaptive, Responsible, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence," in Computer, vol. 53, no.

8, pp. 18-28, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1109/MC.2020.2996587 [%pGF\Zg'#2DU#""&KU3as85OMj=sp7C:`[KI]=!=\sqXZD'B_Xf,s.V5=u@ <098!69k]N[*ff.P]8N]aGd3'A@)dYLD%ce0*"R1'HCANA4+JD&Mb"t@O/Ik3jtSa >XK(LX$@Au.pXXh>>itZd7T_U'Vm#_SDKg !n,%a"Rp=`5oRSp$INS&cWPm&X^ 0:)EdCmN85U-t]L!U:SL2est?)d"=M:lE^:>E39X__`otBbXDLJ/T_,A`utMe]!1s @?r2&aZ6;=gmo6$jbhf0ZZ=(>JjL1+6/pp5iAk"c7%4c2-n,lBV#qG7YE>Qr*/kfrY'L72X P2&#cK1aQs>$;^eb>SKTeG_)4X]MJ=l=KV3Sl;?2kHPj8TF (srM<0k`$CV)=MM:s1*bfp..U(C>(u3r2bGD`9'f\^76F=Xe>D.7ls_nsifMe'=eD <*^/q#Rb1OdtnKk=H[?J5TIl[+gt#dOC!LVLg.p=LmqKs9o:8h8QeBYKqtFcV6&[9 1.$]ueJ=Q1G7+s+i=q$j=pjA#a`0l^=KRfG`@+:`=A%"ljb',LG2 @5OpldjdIc%BU>i[Mj._OHEthXK;l$8PQ;J1JrE:)b/:.!6ZZW!#/3qO%WbY!@WJ] du>%mg5Zb6QC20XTk`*X"V`MLBRjbmO?t9H+9sqEcRH_A:g00aP,,+G77^7G8sl)M\A2Q_fjG"\.Y;B!A0]2,!76R"^aq+VF&=[D`>_4g C__mPO[DO[2QK6=!>#gh.r,3DU)0>XFtIMq5rea=/tnVprPh$ffnbN'R>!'n9f.MB *&aWO#U%Vh8s5Va1+B76_bJ.XpT*[\%5OWQ[Rgs+C9(88#jaWM;))pl__!VYON9n. Aq^dQM@h"P,:0)2;[.Y_SosiM*QO?'DIF_ggWg&Z5sj(QM\;:5+AC5feYW"@pO5:nlXd&-(02Y7;_CBdO;0>>'jaRhcX&(::NGV:Cim KWNuY:n/en4YRP#7+"H-b[Od&AZ5>I+[W1@-((`V%au:M.RJb1,aT<,MjTlb.KZ<= @M$n'0sHYMVqVB`@3\gb#qeTIVSWBP>#O;b7?o[.+TR]_icrfM?0FmXL-_8Bc71P)H,$7C6Lu[Zl)8H_V'iqP5B$+k*U:IAt*ZV =Aot[D4uYN#1N\T,`u]F/Oj5*8uRV)\B+4@OcZ\q&k8-!7Zk_>TG&G%\;RSR!J">S P8\+Jm8]k!e82ZpOHL>/6BisBB&I6$gIlY7V,n##-B_#_Bp=l<@BLFr%5$WfRA;E6 Td&&qB)k:;'JN5h:O"&%&`b,n,F&O"80W]pGhW5#:pRlFL95#eBKWf;ar2CWMaEP" ?Yu2`=bq?i>)-]*a*jeOF\.aSBk_`Y2CZLB&;6m7enJ2Y9EJ4*'@?*uL28XK0EE`P ,Di?qTIgc_;H]_M9'N+P#`OXf#h)O,[#-(8b%3.K,FkHj#WID^U9q$j.@4#1JDt*r 7\)?Fnu:#2%d6N_#]M1+WgMIr#YId1Kd0c7>07T=e49[%8=NZ2%o=,l!F&SqWs6Ou Mi+/-[)sgC>0eK/Y[.@("VCcV_$?6tZ*$k2@N%TdPcgPdU"5Dj3ipi6[*$3CVO8RP D=(%).7-\OTdQ]4f.rb^MnV)P@8m4,HFO>^'2/N58'E5#s41RYMH5$oKOsil%NKd@ $m?3/i#F4=aDD\#D_.uSe,^nC93J2=I+-nQ[k%S47c&h#3F8@@-md%^P*Z7OO]q%k `MLQ)RCPApMClcP&B%ObLnn.7b&q::(51\bUe-rAJJOJ3;,O!p#WAACk6#$_Q;Z.f N*anR^c;iaB9m6R4>S-r6!_^$1nt3/4:O>D;YtDC_l5to_^S323_?Y'Jd'f_N>6%T 0q\msOD+mV;Ff389L;k6U<*S998Y/%`=2>P>D+e,GVtRS:bhW@.@#Q@-=L[R0jUgF eSQ];6tpCjKS*58Ot*PhTh1AR$&s_!$L%W%K2.[s8>[tHkJBfo$F1!PM#"'LN-573uF="5-Qd4lT=FUp,EN<"gs?Yfk+9Yj);,8Pkhn /YuTA8[>HI:_=H6h"Znu8tf&ocpC[UbZLD`Xe(6qW%N#KN/"B-XT#U5oaMC2hqYsGZ5+d^8;jD'@2 q#SW5%6dVMUD5b6-AXH[:kIe*<3fA_*)N(@C8Oh/ZRlJDa9\"cZi\H=C5-TpJqD]N 28HS5>S@j8U1UBM-AWk&$lJ,pAPn\&OB.$e,1CP%PlP!fc*UGL<+1\r[:BoK8M#J? A.smB[7E.W9ZRqQI$Y]*$rh%JR+-Fu(7(GHA`sjr!7Qt=@5^ND""fi?=TB`o2Kam\ Zr/om@[`uCBS?kV'S,>9$$\cVWb2s%>%C03[L/6#KX-uT4Tqou(4eu;6+)diCkVF[ 7$A,YBQYu1"LsfJ_V>?_jX(Upe=4C,-VVJ/Sr*a*Mug1,GcY76p_VD2Yh3fX&m\co L/@)`s3P:KZ94a26`(VsD,.Hn"/uTH`^j2=82I]])at]l.LKHQ>*5g-nSt\M'kED@ 'S&91d4+E-H<;\RVGT"H(_nJG.7D=Lo1a>\PBWUTYF^XgJC4K%`^G*C*'offOW6m< YfL?"9ZTOE+;?5e+A,0q+n1\q/[=$(+Xb/HEC=EN7AN!#B1>-DT^LdJsQ+@n_V[#T4.@SoX[G=]NoN+dijH Zr:tiaq)ZgEVGt1Yu(qQDP8DF.h/GBdLq7q$:"UAR#iXcP[UD%;)7fTa@Sfs<"Mpu OQ?LDL4p!9O[+`D6#*/[Je8(-1W`d2]%qLL'2\*`U,GiP>X:Yl]#d2E;bKsh^mGa: 7- endstream endobj 56 0 obj <>stream s4IA>!"M;*Ddm8XA,lT0!!3,S!6"pH#RC\A#RgtE$kNdS$OdOU%1Nd]&e5Bb'+u)q &el#u)]'2&)]g%J)\aPF-RU8e1,UpH1-7QZ4$,Mc4$,M)%1,>6&H`!N!MTPp!!!-,zz!!!!(!!*-' "9eu8#mq%@!<<-$#ljr*zz!!*-'"9eu7#RLhG&-)\3!WiH-?Sqf`z!!*-'"99#;'Hn)& 'd>@:#7(VC()If*)C$LR-7:2j.P`e:2)[BQ3BBGm6UX@47n?3D;,U=l1-F!"8r0!!*Z5&HG#q:1%*YRYnu8$<2aFJKe!Rk:.)]85V&T:1u'V >'aV%&?M']+omi^OAmcrEZ4QWkS;'='iu/>+sO3@U0^eAWt\_e6#@dm^;LLh-j)nS 7MH_56P4!f5UA;cf!qY5U&j7]"C/3@e]J5naH_I54>uL08n'80oL[27)!D#(>]EZ3 V*ZV!_GEp6!!>=q!u[iACJ`N2!"feC6N[]GhukNoV.,6[0.dd4RN\g8Jh@]JYosH( P_^`m$n3YA+lK"Bd#+j'';7+gSEZQ-MaCm8oMW+_.ah-Q]b+pO:jCH-?9fc6Ki#16 Q(&(_\,q>@MBj%h6C<+]Ya*/2gRT8J1f,5i4J.Wa-@[J:VH78mR TckAR5S+<$+I_lp70_h\C*:;*cP$ae6"g>H'VS?7;3aJd.mmjISST$=UI'L-9!J1P'2C@sE!S5'.YV[' 18n@0Rehr(7OaQ;&M54VT*@=YOXU:T!M:P^&I-rC$Wa],RO3mpTYLNR9QFme>]HfZ L'3*-lH,.o+VGMDJ]K,R^n%3NT"GY[gaaL5+G,\79b`22$]$ZW;,",ib7Q3l`(Gj- ;1VK5)-50M@f&b&0hNjI^etFT+&*$J"9SobfqC6DNB#ktE('cu)?Q"&$O#Kp+W.b' M9dk(=+Lr?`s+.-&4qcki1p?I80A@<"V3'_5Rda>NPh!r$H5?7Xsji.IN3ZF1kmJI V(+g%7**SRnDZ*qQ++S9Pb8IB/;$>c3:gAu37(Y,#s]U5!(@8.#(qLSTLFM7D'u\E EFNmU+OJFk6,?/Y6sLJmS.T_eP=/LR5q+*PFa"sjH!&D8FGWPN!!*M0.*DEVE[31- r=H)qi"hstTtWp3KqbqoBP3cYSng_W$7_/1a!PBBL'q*28Kqo"U?"k+G>@J^m.aSLa:>28/4`Gglm\(F)/]dllgQa.Af^:Lu@L4&W!t?C_<%0.)kc19OXX% eXJp>L4_iaJ07\ZWo4"U.msPM&(FgmX JWV/!K`]2#TiEWO&./C=M?>?.V.kGZd788\ZiW5mE99WmkcDP>+9BbeDqUap!"]\R...

Zeynep Akata, Dan Balliet, Maarten de Rijke, F.P.M. Dignum, Virginia Dignum, Guszti Eiben, Antske Fokkens, Davide Grossi, K.V. Hindriks, Holger Hoos, Haley Hung, Catholijn Jonker, Christof Monz, M. Neerincx, Frans Oliehoek, H. Prakken, Stefan Schlobach, L.C. van der Gaag, Frank van Harmelen, Herke van HoofM.

Birna van Riemsdijk, Aimee van Wynsberghe, R. Verbrugge, B. Verheij, Piek Vossen, Max WellingShow 6 moreShow less Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review T1 - A Research Agenda for Hybrid Intelligence: Augmenting Human Intellect With Collaborative, Adaptive, Responsible, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence

N2 - We define hybrid intelligence (HI) as the combination of human and machine intelligence, augmenting human intellect and capabilities instead of replacing them and achieving goals that were unreachable by either humans or... HI is an important new research focus for artificial intelligence, and we set a research agenda for HI by formulating four challenges. Zeynep Akata, Dan Balliet, Maarten De Rijke, Frank Dignum, Virginia Dignum, Guszti Eiben, Antske Fokkens, Davide Grossi, Koen Hindriks, Holger Hoos, Hayley Hung, Catholijn Jonker, Christof Monz, Mark Neerincx, Frans Oliehoek, Henry Prakken, Stefan... Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review T1 - A Research Agenda for Hybrid Intelligence

T2 - Augmenting Human Intellect With Collaborative, Adaptive, Responsible, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Best Paper of the year in IEEE Computer in 2020). Zeynep Akata, Dan Balliet, Maarten de Rijke, F Dignum, V. Dignum, Guszti Eiben, Antske Fokkens, Davide Grossi, Koen Hindriks, Holger Hoos, Haley Hung, Catholijn Jonker, Christof Monz, Mark Neerincx, Frans Oliehoek, Hendrik Prakken, Stefan Schlobach, Linda van der Gaag, Frank van Harmelen, Herke van... Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review T1 - A Research Agenda for Hybrid Intelligence

T2 - Augmenting Human Intellect With Collaborative, Adaptive, Responsible, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Hosted by Joshiya Mitsunaga, with co‑hosts Prof. Catholijn Jonker (Professor of Interactive Intelligence at TU Delft) and Prof. Frank van Harmelen (Full Professor of Knowledge Representation & Reasoning, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), each episode unpacks the political, ethical, and philosophical tensions at the heart of smart technology. The administrative processes for these new positions are currently in progress. Once finalised, the job advertisements will be published, and links will be provided on our recruitment page for interested applicants.

The Hybrid Intelligence Centre invites artists to apply for its first Artist-in-Residence program. A chance to collaborate with top scientists in AI, robotics, and cognitive science, and explore how art and science shape our hybrid human–machine future. Hybrid Intelligence (HI) is the combination of human and machine intelligence, expanding human intellect instead of replacing it. HI takes human expertise and intentionality into account when making meaningful decisions and perform appropriate actions, together with ethical, legal and societal values. Our goal is to design Hybrid Intelligent systems, an approach to Artificial Intelligence that puts humans at the centre, changing the course of the ongoing AI revolution. By providing intelligent artificial collaborators that interact with people we strengthen our human capacity for learning, reasoning, decision making and problem solving.

This interaction has the potential to amplify both human and machine intelligence by combining their complementary strengths. Hybrid Intelligence requires meaningful interaction between artificial intelligent agents and humans to negotiate and align goals, intentions and implications of actions.

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Until now, however, these tools have been mostly used by experts. Hybrid intelligence (HI) can go well beyond this by creating systems that operate as mixed teams, where humans and machines cooperate synergistically, proactively, and purposefully to achieve shared goals, showing AI’s potential for amplifying... This perspective on AI as HI is critical to our future understanding of AI as a way to ...

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